278 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
holes in the leaves. The eggs are deposited on the lower surface of 
the leaves in groups of three to five, overlapped and glued together, 
and covered with excrement. They hatch in about a “week, and the 
young larvae from one group, all enter a leaf and make a common 
mine. As they grow older, each larva makes its own mine, and 
several new mines may be made before the larva becomes mature. 
The larval stage is about 1 month. Pupation takes place within the 
mine. For further details on this species see Chittenden (86). 
This leaf miner is found on locust throughout the Northeast, west 
to Missouri, and south to Mississippi. 
Feeding by the adults is not especially harmful, but the larval 
feeding causes blister-like spots or brown patches on the leaves, and 
at times a single mine will cause a leaf to die. Usually, however, a 
leaf will have more than one mine. Heavy feeding gives the tree a 
burned appearance and causes an early dropping of the leaves. The 
second generation may destroy the new crop of leaves, increasing the 
damage. As a rule this defoliation, coming late in the season, “does 
not seriously injure the trees, but at times young trees in plantations 
and shade or roadside trees are heavily attacked and rendered 
unsightly. 
Baliosus ruber (Web.),a broad wedge-shaped, reddish-yellow beetle, 
with indistinct darker markings on the sides and apical half of the 
elytra, is about the same size as Chalepus dorsalis, and has a some- 
what similar life history. Basswood is the favorite host, but oak 
is also attacked. 
Orsodacne atra (Ahr.), a species which is found on the blossoms 
and leaves of birches and willows, as well as on many other plants, is 
common over most of Canada and the United States, except in the 
extreme southern States. It is of interest chiefly because of the many 
color variations in the adult beetles, these ranging from solid black 
through reds and yellows. Nothing is yet known about the life or 
structure of its larva. 3 
Syneta ferruginea (Germ.), a small reddish-yellow beetle, is very 
common throughout the Northeast. The adults feed on the foliage 
of the various “birches, and have also been collected from oak and 
hazel, but seldom do appreciable damage. 
The rose leaf beetle (Nodonota puncticollis (Say) ) 1s common in 
the Northern States. In Connecticut it is very generally present 
on the foliage of low sprout growth in cut-over woodlands, and has 
also been reported as causing injury to the leaves of young Japanese 
chestnut. In Minnesota it has been found feeding on the young shoots 
of willow. 
Reference should also be made to the cucumber beetles, Diabrotica 
spp., since they defoliate black locust seedlings in forest nurseries. 
The best method of control is to plant the seeds as early as possible 
and keep the seedlings in a healthy condition, so as to get good 
height growth before “the beetles resume activity in the spring and 
become abundant. 
Fairly common species, which are not usually sufficiently abundant 
to cause serious injury or alarm are Coscinoptera dominicana (¥.) 
on gum and oak, Pachybrachis peccans Suffr. on birch and hickory, 
Cryptocephalus basalis Suffr. and C. mutabilis Melsh. on birch, Bas- 
sares literatis (F.) and Glyptoscelis barbata (Say) on hickory, 
