984 “MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
This is the most serious insect pest of white pine in the East. Becca 
in the comparatively few, intensively managed stands where special 
efforts are being made to grow high- quality white pine, this insect 
continues its attacks practically unchecked. Indeed, in some sections 
of New England it is difficult to find a sizeable tree which has escaped 
attack. Most of the present naturally seeded stands are composed 
largely of forked and crooked trees of little value, and a considerable 
number of the planted stands promise nothing substantially better. 
The loss in stumpage value during the last half century amounts to 
millions of dollars. In the Adirondack region in New York, the 
weevil has injured Norway spruce plantations so severely that ‘they 
are practically worthless. 
Severely weeviled young stands, 6 to 7 feet in spacing, can be re- 
claimed. Briefly, the treatment is one that involves seeking out the 
least injured trees, with due regard for crown class, or vigor, and 
spacing, and favoring them for development as final-crop trees. Such 
trees should be pruned, and competing scrubby dominants should be 
girdled so that they will be gradually removed from the stand. Where 
possible, the most advantageous measure is to grow the susceptible 
species in mixture with some nonsusceptible species, such as the 
better hardwoods, which will be of value in the final crop. Cline and 
MacAloney (95, 96) have published articles on the reclamation of 
weeviled stands. 
Direct control measures, such as removing and burning the in- 
fested tips, or jarring the tips at the time of feeding and egg laying 
so that the adults will fall into a net, are prohibitive in extensive 
stands and plantations because of the expense. Isolated young planta- 
tions, however, may be protected by these measures. Ornamental 
trees, which are of great value for their form, can be protected each 
year, at the time the buds are swelling, by thoroughly spraying the 
leading shoot with a concentrated lead arsenate spray. Recent experi- 
ments Indicate that control in plantations and reproduction may be 
effected by spraying from the air, using a 12.5 percent solution or 
emulsion of DDT, at the rate of 3 to 4 gallons per acre early in the fall 
or early in the spring, when the adults are feeding. On small areas 
or on oramentals the leaders may be protected in “the spring with a 
3-percent DDT emulsion. This type of spray may also be used in 
plantations to prevent attack. It should be understood, however, that 
it is not expected to be a substitute for silvicultural methods but 
something to be used to remedy a bad situation. 
This weevil has become an important pest of jack pine in the re- 
cently established plantations in the Lake States. in many cases, 
because the terminal growth of jack pine develops very quickly early 
in the spring the eggs are laid in this growth rather than that of the 
previous season. Control by spraying with concentrated sprays as 
suggested above is obviously not practicable. Observations made 
during a plantation-insect study in 1941 indicate that in jack pine, 
as in white pine, the use of mixed stands tends to reduce the severity 
of weevil damage. 
The deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis Germ. (deodarae Hopk.) ) 
is very often injurious to deodar cedar, and it also attacks the im- 
ported Atlas cedar and Cedar of Lebanon, as well as various pines. 
The adults, which were long confused with those of P. strobi, have a 
