286 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Most of the feeding is done at night, or below the surface of the litter 
in the daytime. The first evidence of attack is when the young seed- 
lings wither, and it is then too late for control measures. 
This is a very serious pest in cut-over pine lands, often causing al- 
most complete mortality of the seedlings unless there are several thou- 
sand to the acre, as found by Peirson (348). Cutting is recommended 
in a seed year, or thinning before the omic. in order to stimulate an 
overabundance of pine reproduction. To prevent attack, cut-over 
areas should not be planted with conifers until the third season 
after cutting. This is standard practice in some parts of the New 
England States. Freshly sawed pine lumber should not be piled near 
young stands or plantations, as the pine odor will attract the strong 
flying adults from a considerable distance. 
The adult of the pine root-collar weevil (Hylobius radicis Buch.), 
a recently described species, resembles that of H. pales so closely 
that a superficial examination will not suffice to separate them. The 
habits of the two species, however, enable one to identify them readily. 
This weevil has injured Scotch pines ranging in diameter from 114 
to 5 inches. Injury to red, jack, Corsican, and Austrian pines was 
observed by York (438) and by Maxwell and MacLeod (294). The 
soul around the base of the attacked trees is blackened and soaked with 
pitch, and the larvae are found in this material or in the cambium 
region around the root collar. During the latter part of the season, 
lar vae, pupae, and adults are found in “the burrows. Pupation often 
occurs in the tunnels extended out into the resin-infiltrated soil. In 
some cases the trees are entirely girdled below the surface of the 
ground. This habit of feeding serves to distinguish this species 
very clearly from H. pales. It may also be found associated with 
Pissodes approximatus, but the two species are not the same color. 
and 1. radicis is considerably larger and restricts its work to the root- 
collar region, whereas P. approximatus attacks above the root collar. 
The pine root-collar weevil is now known to be present in northern 
New York, Long Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsyl- 
rania and has also been found in Minnesota and Michigan. J. V. 
Schaffner, Jr., and H. L. McIntyre, working in New York, obtained 
good control with an emulsion containing 25 percent of ethylene di- 
chloride and 5 percent of dichloroethyl ether, or one containing 25 
percent of ethylene dichloride and dinitro-o-cyclohexyl phenol (100 
percent) at the rate of 0.5 ounce per gallon of the emulsion. These 
emulsions should be applied directly around the bases of the infested 
trees. 
Another species, Hypomolyx piceus (Deg.), closely related, but 
larger than Hylobius radicis, and with somewhat similar habits, at- 
tacks Scotch pine, red pine, pitch pine, and occasionally white pine, 
from Nova Scotia and New England to the Lake States. 
The poplar and willow borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.)) isa 
medium-sized weevil about 7 to 10 mm. in length, and dark brown 
to black, mottled with light Gi own and with gray scales. The posterior 
portion of the elytra, the sides of the thorax, and parts of the legs 
are densely clothed with pale scales having a slight pinkish cast. 
This European beetle was first noticed in the United States about 
1882. It has since become established from Maine west to Ontario 
and northern Wisconsin, and south to Virginia. It has recently been 
