INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 341 
hardwoods as far north as New York and west to Texas. The closely 
allied species, Y. confusus, is known from Mississippi and other 
Southern States. Y. ce/sus, the largest of our eastern species, is 4 
to 4.5 mm. long. It breeds on various species of hickory from New 
York westward to Minnesota and Indiana and southward to South 
Carolina and Mississippi. 
The genus Anisandrus Ferrari is closely allied to XY yleborus, but can 
be readily distinguished by the short, very stout body form, with the 
pronotum globose. The burrows are branched or compound, and 
various deciduous trees serve as hosts. A. obesus is the largest 
species of this genus, being 3.3 to 3.7 mm. in length, and stout and 
black. It breeds in birches, maples, oaks, and beech in eastern Canada 
and in the Northeastern States south to Virginia and west to Minne- 
sota. ‘The burrows are found both in trunk and limbs. A. populi Sw. 
breeds in poplars and is definitely known only from eastern Canada, 
but may occur in the Northeastern States. A. minor is much smaller 
than the foregoing, being slightly less than 2.5 mm. long. It attacks 
the branches of maples and beech in eastern Canada and New York. 
A. sayi Hopk. is shghtly larger and attacks sassafras in West Virginia 
and spice bush (Benzoin) in Pennsylvania. A. pyr? is nearly identical 
with the European species A. dispar F. It breeds principally in fruit 
trees, but also attacks other hardwoods. It ranges from Maine to 
Florida and westward to Michigan, and is also found on the Pacific 
coast. 
The genus X ylosandrus Reitter is similar to Anisandrus but differs 
in the shining pronotum, the strongly margined sides of the elytral de- 
clivity, and the wide separation of the bases of the forelegs. This 
group of insects is largely confined to the Orient, but two species are 
now known to be present in the United States. One of these, XY. 27m- 
mermannit Hopk., was described from specimens taken by Hubbard 
and Schwarz at Biscayne, Fla. Nothing of its habits is known at 
present, and it may easily have been introduced from the Orient. 
AX. germanus originally lived in Japan and Formosa, but has been 
reported for several years from Connecticut, New York, Long Island, 
and northern New Jersey. Specimens have been taken in the upper 
Ohio Valley. Branches, peeled and unpeeled logs, and stumps are 
attacked. ‘These beetles have become extremely numerous in the 
area infected by the Dutch elm disease fungus near New York, where 
a small percentage of them carry the disease organism on their bodies. 
Famity PLATYPODIDAE 
The Flatfooted Ambrosia Beetles 
The Platypodidae are almost exclusively tropical and subtropical 
beetles, and only a few species occur normally within the United States. 
These all belong to the genus Platypus Herbst. Of the half dozen or 
so species, three are common in the Southern States, and along the 
Atlantic coast they may be found as far north as southern New York. 
Numerous other species have been imported in tropical woods, but they 
are unable to withstand climatic conditions and soon succumb. All the 
Piatypodidae are ambrosia beetles. In general they are not found 
exclusively in one kind of tree, but the same species may breed in a 
variety of hosts. ‘The beetles are readily distinguished from the other 
