INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 
KEY TO LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE—Continued 
35. Borers in buds, shoots, or twigs of conifers—Continued 
Pine, Douglas fir, and spruce—dull with a purplish tinge 
and ornamented with piliferous warts; head and anal 
shield brown, and cervical shield blackish; length % inch. 
Bores in cones, shoots, branches, and trunk 
Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.), p. 451. 
Spruce—reddish brown to amber; head and cervical shield 
reddish brown; body ornamented with piliferous warts; 
length about % inch. Bores into cones and terminals, 
attaining full growth in May or June 
Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.), p. 451. 
- Borers in buds, and twigs of deciduous growths. Some common 
species: 
Chestnut—larva in eylindrical gall encircling young twig 
Ectoedemia castaneae (Busck), p. 502. 
- Horse chestnut and maple—larva bores in seeds, stems, and 
terminal twigs; May and June 
Proteoieras aesculana Riley, p. 470. 
Box elder and maple—larva bores in stems and twigs 
Proteoteras willingana Kearf., p. 470. 
Proteoteras crescentana Kearf., p. 470. 
Locust (black)—bores in new twig growth forming galls 1 
to 3 inches in length; larva reddish to straw yellow; head 
dark brown; cervical shield honey yellow. Late May to 
early November in vicinity of Washington, D. C. 
Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zell., p. 474. 
Poplar—larva in globular gall, about the size of a pea on 
petiole of leaf______ Ectoedemia populella (Buseck), p. 502. 
36. Infesting cones, fruit, nuts, and seeds. Some common species: 
Acorn borer—pink or whitish; larva about % inch in length 
Melissopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.), p. 474. 
Acorns, chestnuts, hickory nuts—grayish white or yellowish 
with blackish dorsal marks, cervical and anal shields 
brownish. == Valentinia glandulella (Riley), p. 461. 
Blueberry, cranberry, and huckleberry—bores into berries; 
July—September; green, often tinged with reddish on the 
dorsum; head yellowish; length about 14 ineh 
Mineola vacciniit (Riley), p. 451. 
Hickory and pecan—small green or nearly mature nuts may 
be attacked; head light brown; body creamy white 
length about * inch__Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), p. 473. 
Pine (Austrian, longleaf, Scotch, Virginia, etc.)—head, 
cervical shield, and anal plate brown to dark brown; 
body yellowish; length about 4 inch. Bores in buds and 
COM CC ese a yrs ae Battaristis vittella (Buseck), p. 458. 
Pine (various species)—bores into cones, shoots, and 
branches; dirty white, reddish brown to greenish; head 
chestnut brown; body with a series of black dots; length 
about z.1neCh =... 52 Dioryctria zimmermanti (Grt.), p. 452. 
Pine—similar to D. reniculella, but bores into cones and 
terminals of pine____Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.), p. 451. 
Pine (yellow)—bores in cones, terminals, and in wounds of 
pine in Gulf States__--_- Dioryctria amatella Hulst, p. 452. 
Spruce—bores into cones and feeds upon the seeds; hiber- 
nates in the cones__Laspeyresia youngana (Kearf.), p. 473. 
Spruce—bores into cones and terminals; head and cervical 
shield reddish brown; body reddish brown to amber, 
ornamented with piliferous warts 
Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.), p. 451. 
37. Borers in branches, trunk, or roots of deciduous trees and shrubs. 
Some common species are listed as follows: 
Alder trunk and roots—head long; body cylindrical, five 
pairs of prolegs. Life cycle probably 2 years 
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus (Harr.), p. 505. 
Ash, lilac, and privet—bores into main stem, causing it to 
wilt or break. Larva white; attains full growth early in 
SUMMIT en ower Podosesia syringae (Harr.), p. 465. 
365 
