366 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
KEY TO LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE—Continued 
aT. Borers in branches, trunk, or roots of deciduous trees and shrubs. 
Some common species are listed as follows—Continued 
Ash (white, red, European, and sometimes mountain-ash)— 
bores into trunk and branches, more commonly in trunk 
below surface of soil__-~-- Podosesia frazini (Lug.), p. 464. 
Chestnut—larva in serpentine mine in the bark 
Ectoedemia phleophaga Busck, p. 502. 
Flowering dogwood—enters through rough bark or a wound. 
Larva white with pale-brown head. Life cycle similar to 
that of C. rhododendri____Conopia scitula (Harr.), p. 463. 
Elm, locust, maple, oak, poplar, green ash, ete.—in branches 
and trunks; reddish brown with brown head; length 2 to 3 
inches; life cycle probably 3 years 
Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck), p. 497. 
Elm, maple, etc.—in twigs, branches, or trunk; pale yellow; 
head, thoracic and anal plates brownish black; body 
sparsely hairy and dotted with black tubercles; length 
about 2 inches; nearly 2 years in larval stage 
Zeuzera pyrina (L.), p. 499. 
Hickory, oak, and pecan—in twigs, branches or trunk; head, 
cervical shield, and anal plate shiny dark brown; body 
pinkish, and sparsely clothed in fine hairs; length about 
i inches see eee Cossula magnifica (Stkr.), p. 501. 
Linden (European)—bores into corky and green portions of 
bark of trunk and branches. Head brown; body whitish; 
length about 4 inch_Chrysoclista linneella Clerck, p. 456. 
Locust (black)—gall-like injury to lower stem in nurseries; 
head and cervical shield brown; body greenish white with 
somewhat broken dark brown stripes: length about % 
ING he eset tex aan Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zell.), p. 454 
Maple (hard and soft)—bores into bark and sapwood, usually 
entering wounds on trunk; head brownish, body white; 
length about % inch______ Conopia acerni (Clem.), p. 462. 
Maple (red and silver)—bores into small branches causing 
gall-like swellings_______ Conopia corni (H. Edw.), p. 463. 
Oak (pin)—larva in flattened-oval, spiral mine in bark of 
voung branches_-_____ Ectoedemia heinrichi Busck, p. 502. 
Oak—similar to P. robiniae and often confused with it 
Prionoxystus macmurtret (Guer.), p. 497. 
Persimmon—bores into solid wood of taproot and main 
stem. Sometimes a serious pest in nurseries, boring in 
roots 16 to 18 inches under ground 
Sannina uroceriformis Wlkr., p. 464. 
Poplar and willow—in roots and base of trunk; head reddish 
and body white; length about 1% inches. It has a 2-year 
lifeicyclests sae o Aegeria apiformis (Clerck), p. 462. 
Rhododendron—bores into stems and branches, causing 
them to wilt; larva attains full growth in fall; pupates in 
burrow in spring____Conopia rhododendri (Beut.), p. 463. 
Willow roots—head long; body eylindrical, 5 pairs of pro- 
legs. Life cycle probably 2 years 
Sthenopis thule (Stkr.), p. 505. 
Borers in branches and trunks of conifers 
Pine (white and pitch), and spruce—bores into inner bark 
and sapwood, entering a wound or beneath a branch. 
Life cycle 2 or 3 years__Parharmonia pini (Kell.), p. 464. 
Pine (various species)—bores into branches, shoots, and 
cones; larva dirty white, reddish brown to greenish; head 
chestnut brown; body with a series of black dots 
Dioryctria zimmermani (Grt.), p. 452. 
38. Borers in dead and decaying wood 
Oak, chestnut, hickory, ete.—larva feeds in decaying sap- 
wood; head black; body whitish with brown spots; length 
about 1% inches. August through to spring 
Scolecocampa liburna (Geyer), p. 395. 
