368 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
: - G 
Figure 70.—Larvae of butterflies: A, Battus philenor (the pipe-vine swallow- 
tail) ; B, B. glaucus turnus (the tiger swallowtail) ; C, B. troilus (the spicebush 
swallowtail) ; D, Pologonia interrogationis (the question sign) ; H, Nymphalis 
antiopa (the spiny elm caterpillar) ; Ff, Basilarchia archippus (the viceroy) ; G, 
Proteides clarus (the silver-spotted skipper). (A, B, C, and F, courtesy Conn. 
Agr. Expt. Sta.) 
from July to September, possibly earlier in the more southern States. 
The larvae are found from June to October. The winter is passed as 
a chrysalis fastened to some object, usually above the ground. 
The tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus L. and the form turnus L.) 
is very common in the eastern part of North America, the dark form 
in the South and the light one (turnus) more common to the North, 
and they need no description here. The full-grown larva is about > 
11% inches long and dark green. The third thoracic segment is en- 
larged and is marked on each side by a large yellow spot edged with 
black and enclosing a small purple spot bordered with black, and 
on the posterior part of the first abdominal segment is a transverse 
yellowish ridge edged posteriorly with black (fig. 70, B). Although 
not important as a pest its larvae commonly feed on apple, ash, birch, 
cherry, lilac, poplar, and other trees. The adults are active from 
spring until late summer, there being one generation in the North 
and at least two farther south. The larva spims a silken carpet upon 
the upper surface of a leaf usually causing the leaf to fold length- 
wise, thus providing the larva a shelter when at rest. The transfor- 
mation to the chrysalis usually takes place upon some object above the 
eround, and the winter is passed in this stage. 
The spicebush swallowtail (Papilio trotlus (.) ) is found through- 
out most of the eastern part of the United States. The full-grown 
larva is about 114 inches long, and the body is largest at the third 
thoracic segment. The head and under side are pink, the top pea 
ereen, and the sides yellowish. It is marked with a transverse black 
line on the prothorax, two orange spots on the third thoracic segment, 
