INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 373 
The larva of the catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia catalpae (Bdv.)) is 
about 3 inches in length when full grown. The head and caudal born 
are always black, but the body is variable in color. Howard and 
Chittenden (245) described two forms, a light and a dark one (fig, 
v1 C, D.). The dark form is black on top, pale yellow somewhat 
speckled with black on the sides, and has a more-or-less broken stripe 
of black near the base of the legs. It is pale yellow underneath, and 
the thoracic legs are black. The light form is pale yellow with mark- 
ings and patches of black on the back. ; 
This species, which occurs from New Jersey to Florida and west to 
Illinois and Texas, feeds on our native species of catalpa. Its injury 
FIGURE 71.—Representative larvae of the Sphingidae: A. B, Sphecodina abbottiv; 
C, D, Ceratomia cataipae; EB, Cressonia juglandis; F, Sphing chersis; G, Sphing 
kalmiae; H, Ceratomia amyntor; I, Ceratomia undulosa; J, Lapara bom- 
bycoides. 
has been more widespread in recent years, undoubtedly because of the 
increased planting of catalpa outside of the natural range of the tree 
and in pure stands. Outbreaks sometimes extend over a period of 
3 or more years, causing severe defoliation and a great retardation of 
vrowth and sometimes a heavy mortality of the trees. There are at 
least two generations in its northern range, but in the South there 
may be three or four. In the South the moths emerge in March and 
later, and the larvae may be found throughout the spring and summer. 
In its northern range the moths emerge from early in June to Septem- 
ber, and larvae may be found from the middle of June to early in 
October. The eggs are pale yellowish green and are usually deposited 
. leo) . . 
in masses on the under sides of the leaves. For some time after hatch- 
