INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 375 
ada. The larvae feed on apple, beach plum, wild cherry, cranberry, 
hackberry, plum, and peach. The moths emerge in June and July, 
the larvae are found from late in June to September, and the winter 
is passed in the pupal stage in the ground. 
The larva of Lapara bombycoides Wlkr. is grass green and without 
a caudal horn; the head is triangular, conical, with a pale, yellowish 
stripe on each side, and the face sometimes reddish. The body has 
three longitudinal white stripes on each side, the lower one rather 
broad. The full-grown larva has a broad, brick-red, median, dorsal 
stripe, sometimes wanting on the thoracic segments or represented 
by patches. The abdomen has a reddish stripe underneath, and some- 
times brick-red patches enclose the spiracles on the abdomen. The 
length of the full-grown larva is about 2 inches (fig. 71, 7). This 
species ranges from Canada through the Atlantic States and west into 
the Mississippi Valley. The larvae feed on white pine, pitch pine, and 
jack pine. The moths emerge in June and July, the larvae are found 
from July to September, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage 
in the ground. Lapara coniferarum (A. & 8.) also feeds on pine 
and its range is reported as similar to that of LZ. bombycoides. 
The full-grown larva of Paonias excaecatus (A. & 8.) is about 
214 inches long. ‘The head is apple green, conical, and granulated, 
and with a white or pale-yellow stripe on each side, meeting at the 
apex. The body is light green studded with pointed granulations. 
Seven oblique yellowish stripes run back on each side of the body: 
the last, the widest and most distinct, reaches the base of the caudal 
horn. The spiracles are deep lilac or black, the caudal horn is nearly 
straight, and usually green and the thoracic legs are lilac or reddish. 
This species ranges through the Atlantic States. Its larvae feed 
on poplar, willow, and sometimes on apple and birch. The moths 
emerge in May and June, the larvae are found from July to October, 
and the winter is passed in the pupal stage in the ground. 
The full-grown larva of Paonias myops (A. & S.) is green with 
yellowish granulations and is about 214 inches in length. The head 
is conical, and has a faint yellowish line on each side. The body has 
seven yellowish, oblique stripes on each side, the last wider and more 
distinct than the others and extending onto the caudal horn. The 
caudal horn is short and green, sometimes reddish above and green 
beneath, the thoracic legs are reddish, the abdominal legs green, and 
the spiracles rose colored. Some specimens have the spiracles set 
in small, red patches and some have subdorsal patches of red. The 
young larva is pale yellowish green with a pointed head. This species 
occurs through the Atlantic States and west into the Mississippi 
Valley, and it has also been recorded from Colorado. The larvae 
feed on wild cherry. The life cycle is very similar to that of P. 
excaecatus. 
The larva of Smerinthus jamaicensis (Drury) (=geminatus Say) 
is very similar to that of Paonias excaecatus and is very often con- 
fused with it, but may be recognized by the rose-colored spiracles, 
the bluish-purple caudal horn, the violet thoracic legs, and sometimes 
a subdorsal row of reddish spots on each side of the body. Its dis- 
tribution, food plants, and life history are very similar to those of 
P. excaecatus. 
