INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 383 
outside. The life history and habits are similar to those of A. sena- 
toria. This species ranges from Maine to Georgia and westward to 
Missouri and Minnesota. The larvae feed on various species of oak. 
Although sometimes common there are no records which indicate that 
it 1s ever Important as a pest. 
The moth of the green-striped maple worm (Anisota rubicunda 
(F.)) has a wing expanse of 114 to 2 inches. The body is yellowish 
above and pinkish beneath, the forewings are rose-colored and crossed 
by a broad yellowish band, the width of the band varying in different 
specimens. The hind wings are pale yellow, and the legs pink. The 
full-grown larva is about ays inches long. The head is cherry red, and 
the body is pale yellowish green with seven dark green or blackish 
longitudinal lines. There are two long slender horns on the second 
thoracic segment, two rows of short spines on each side of the body, 
one above and one below the spiracles, and four prominent, dorsal 
spines on the eighth and ninth abdominal segments (fig. 73, (). 
This species is ‘distributed throughout the eastern half of the United 
States and southern Canada. The larvae feed on the maples, often 
causing severe defoliation of forest and shade trees. This species is 
sometimes associated with eterocampa guttivitta during severe out- 
breaks in the New England States. The moths emerge from May to 
August, and in August and September, there being one, a partial sec- 
ond, or two complete generations depending on the climatic range. 
The eggs are deposited in clusters on the under sides of the leaves, and 
hatching takes place in about 10 days. The larvae may be found from 
June to October, and transformation to the pupal stage takes place in 
the ground, the winter being passed in this stage. 
The regal moth (Citheronia regalis (F.)), also called the royal 
walnut moth, has a wing expanse of 414 to 6 inches. The head and 
body are orange red marked with pale yellow, the forewings olive-gray 
with reddish-brown veins and spotted with pale yellow, and the hind 
wings orange red, somewhat redder on the veins, with the costa and 
inner margin marked with pale yellow. The ‘full- grown larva is 
called the hickory horned devil. It is 4 to 5 inches Tong and about 
°4 inch thick. The body is smooth, green or bluish, or sometimes red- 
dish brown. Each segment is armed with a transverse row of spines; 
some are hornlike, especially two on the first, four on the second, and 
four on the third thoracic segments, and the caudal horn. These are 
much longer and stouter than the others and are orange with the apex 
of each black; the other spines are black. There are two large, black 
patches between the horns of the second and third thoracic segments, 
and the sides of the abdomen are shaded with oblique blackish patches 
(fig. 74, A). 
This species ranges from Massachusetts to Illinois and south to Texas 
and Florida. The larvae feed on hickory, butternut, cotton, black 
walnut, persimmon, sumac, and other deciduous erowths. Although 
its size ‘and appearance attract attention, it is not important as a pest. 
The moths emerge in June, the larvae are found from July to Septem-: 
ber, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage in the ground. 
The moth of Cctheronia sepulchralis G. & R. has a wing expanse of 
about 38 to4inches. The body, wings, and legs are dark br ownish oray 
with a lilac tinge, and the forewings have a dusky discal spot. “The 
full-grown larva is about 4 inches long; dull brown, more obscurely 
colored than that of C. vegalis, and with rather short, orange horns. 
792440°—49-__95 
