400 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
shield are black. This species is distributed through most of the 
eastern part of the United States, west to Kansas. Its food plants are 
butternut, black walnut, hickory, and pecan. The larvae are often 
abundant locally in parts of Massachusetts and more numerous far- 
ther south, causing serious defoliation. In the Northeastern States 
there is one generation annually, but Leiby (272) found two genera- 
tions in North Carolina, the larvae of the first in June and July and 
those of the second in the latter part of August and in September. 
The full-grown larva of Yatana contracta Wlikr. is about 2 inches 
long and clothed in long, white hairs. The head is black, the cervical 
shield transversely oblong and waxy orange yellow, and the anterior 
portion of the prothoraciec segment is blackish. The body is black 
with 11 longitudinal, yellowish-white stripes, the one just below the 
stigmatal line much wider than the others. The thoracic legs are black 
with orange-yellow fleshy bases, the middle abdominal legs orange 
yellow, each with a black patch on the outer side, and the anal legs 
and anal plate are black. This species is distributed from Massachu- 
setts west to Wisconsin and south to Arkansas. Its food plants are 
oak and sycamore. 
The full-grown larva of Hyperaeschra stragula Grote is about 114 
inches in length, the head is oval, flattened in front, and the vertex 
slightly bilobed. ‘The body is thickest on the second and third abdo- 
minal segments, on each of which is a thick, fleshy, conical tubercle 
directed posteriorly, the anterior one the larger. The back of the 
eighth abdominal segment is raised into a prominent hump and the 
anal plate is smooth and rounded. The general color is pearly gray, 
somewhat marbled with brown and marked with a reddish-brown, 
dorsal line between the head and the second tubercle. The hump on 
the eighth abdominal segment is pale rust color, yellowish red on the 
sides, and has a-stigmatal line of pink. This species has been recorded 
from Canada to New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Its food plants are 
poplar and willow. There is at least a partial second generation in 
some localities, the moths emerging in May and June, and July to 
August. The larvae may be found from June to October, and the 
winter is passed in the pupal stage in the ground. 
The larva of Pheosia rimosa Pack. with its caudal horn, resembles 
those of some of the Sphingidae. When full grown it is about 134 
inches long, glossy, and of a lead color with a purplish tinge. The 
head is rounded and bilobed, all segments of the body are slightly 
swollen in the middle, the eighth abdominal segment swollen dorsally 
and bearing a well-developed horn. The anal plate is coarsely granu- 
lated and rust red, and the spiracles are biack and ringed with yel- 
lowish white. This species is distributed from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific in Canada and the Northern States, extending southward into 
the Middle States. The larvae feed on poplar and willow. There may 
be two complete generations in some parts of the United States, the 
moths emerging in June and July, and in August. The larvae may 
be found from July to October, and the winter is passed in the pupal 
stage in frail cocoons in the leaves on the ground. 
The moth, of Madata gibbosa (A. & 8.) is light buff with a rusty 
tinge and a high pointed tuft on the front of the thorax which is very 
hairy beneath. It has a wing expanse of 11% to 2 inches, the forewings 
with a slightly curved brownish line beyond the discal cell and 
