INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 401 
parallel with the outer margin. There are two small silvery discal 
dots and an inner, rusty line crossing the wing. The hind wings are 
paler and the legs hairy. The full-grown larva is pale pea green and 
about 134 inches in length. The head is large and rounded, the man- 
dibles yellow and tipped with black, making them conspicuous, and 
the body is cylindrical, tapering toward the end, naked, and without 
tubercles, humps, or spots, but with a yellowish longitudinal subdorsal 
stripe on each side. The spiracles are deep red, and the anal plate has 
the apex rounded and edged with yellow. All the legs are pale pea 
green. 
This species ranges throughout the United States and Canada. The 
Jarvae feed on various species of oak and occasionally on maple, beech, 
and birch. Although common generally, the natural control factors 
apparently prevent outbreaks. There may be two generations or one 
anda partial second as far north as the New England States; the moths 
emerge from May to July and August to September, the larvae are 
solitary and may be found from May to October; and the winter is 
passed as a pupa in the ground. 
The full-grown larva of Lophodonta angulosa (A. & 8.) is pea 
green in color and somewhat similar to that of Madata gibbosa. The 
head is rounded, the body cylindrical, smooth, and tapering pos- 
teriorly. A faint, double, median, whitish line, and a distinct, lateral, 
reddish stripe edged below with white extends from the head to and 
on the edge of the anal plate. The body is about 114 inches long. 
This species is distributed from Maine to Florida, and west into the 
Mississippi Valley and Texas. Its food plants are the various oaks. 
Apparently there are two generations in the South and only one in 
the Northern States. The moths emerge from April to July and in 
July and August, the larvae may be found from May to October, and 
the winter is passed in the pupal stage on the ground in cocoons com- 
posed of silk mixed with grains of ditt. 
The full-grown larva of Nerice bidentata Wlkr. is a polished bluish 
green and about 114 inches in length. The head is narrow but high 
and slightly bilobed, pale green with four broad white bands in front 
and on the sides, the lateral ones edged by a blackish line. The thoracic 
segments are all of nearly the same size and width, and unarmed. ‘The 
abdominal segments 1 to 8, inclusive, have each a large anteriorly di- 
rected prominence ending in a bifid ridge, the incision being trans- 
verse, and the tip of each tubercle brownish red. The ninth abdomi- 
nal segment bears a pair of small dorsal tubercles, and the anal plate 
is quite smooth and has four longitudinal, white bands. This species 
ranges from Canada and the Northeastern States west to Wisconsin 
and Kansas. The larvae feed on elm. Apparently there is at least 
a partial second generation in some localities. The moths emerge in 
May and June, and in August. The larvae may be found from June 
to September, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage in silken 
cocoons on the ground. 
The moth of Symmerista albicosta (Hbn.), the red-humped oak 
worm, is ashen gray and has a wing expanse of 114 to 2 inches. The 
head and prothorax are tawny and whitish in front, the forewings 
have a long white area near the outer two-thirds of the costal margin, 
and the region below the white portion is usually dark ash tinged 
