426 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
active from July to September, the winter is passed as pupae in the 
ground, and the moths emerge in June. 
The full-grown larva of Cosymbia pendulinaria (Guen.) is about 
7 inch in length. The head is light brown, the body slender and 
light green sometimes tinged with brown. Its favored food plant is 
sweetfern. The moths emerge between May and June, and July to 
August, the larvae are found during June and July, and September 
and October. The winter is passed as pupae in the leaves. 
The male moth of Bruce’s spanworm, (Operophtera bruceata 
(Hulst)) is pale grayish with shadings and flecks of brown scales 
and has a wing expanse of about 114 inches. The female is wingless 
and light brownish gray. These moths resemble somewhat the adults 
of the cankerworms. The full-grown larva is about 34 inch in length, 
bright green, with three narrow yellowish-white stripes on each side 
of the body. There is only one pair of prolegs in addition to the anal 
claspers. This species is reported in Canada from Alberta to the 
Atlantic coast and in the northern part of the United States. Its 
favored food plants include sugar maple, poplar, and beech. The 
moths emerge in November and lay their eggs in crevices of. the bark 
on the trunk and larger branches of trees. Hatching takes place 
early in the spring, the larvae becoming full grown about the first 
week in June, when they enter the ground to pupate. There is one 
generation annually. Serious outbreaks have been reported in Al- 
berta, Canada, and in Vermont and Wisconsin. 
Calocalpe undulata (.), the cherry scallop shell moth, is pale 
fawn brown, and has a wing expanse of about 114 inches. The fore- 
wings are marked with about 12 whitish scalloped parallel lines, the 
submarginal line being more zigzag than the others, and the discal 
dot is large and black. The hind wings have 6 whitish lines, becom- 
ing more pronounced toward the outer margin. The full-grown 
larvae are about 7% inch in length and have a dark-amber head and 
thoracic shield. The body is blackish above with four broken longi- 
tudinal yellow lines, the venter is straw yellow, sometimes with a brok- 
en, blackish stripe along the base of the legs. The markings are 
somewhat variable. This species is common and is widely distributed 
in the United States and Canada, although not a serious pest. The 
larvae feed on wild cherry, making a nest by fastening together the 
leaves toward the end of a branch, living gregariously and feeding 
on the upper epidermis of the leaves in the nest (fig. 90). When 
necessary they enlarge their nest or move to another branch. The 
leaves in the nest turn brown and give the tree an unsightly appear- 
ance. In the Northeastern States there is one generation, but the 
moths emerge from May to September. The eggs are deposited in a 
cluster on a leaf of the current year’s growth, the larvae may be found 
from June to October, and the winter is passed as pupae in the 
ground. 
The full-grown larva of ‘Pero honestarius (Wlkr.), the species also 
known by some authors as Azelina ancetaria, 1s about 114 inches in 
length. The head is quadrate, angular, and dark brown with clypeus 
and mouth parts somewhat lghter. The body increases in girth 
toward the anal end. It is brown, with variable lighter and darker 
markings. This species occurs in the eastern part of the United 
States, The data available indicate two generations annually and 
