432 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
This species is reported from the Atlantic States. It is often com- 
mon and occasionally locally abundant in oak woodlands in the North- 
eastern States. The larvae feed on the foliage of oak and various 
other deciduous growths. The moths emerge in April, the larvae are 
found from May to July, and pupation takes place in the ground, the 
pupae remaining in that stage from July until April. 
The male moth of the linden looper (Lrannis tilaria (Harr.)), 
also called the lime tree winter moth, is buff with a wing expanse 
of about 184 inches. The forewings are marked with two transverse, 
wavy, brown bands and sprinkled with brownish dots, the hind wings 
are somewhat lighter in color, with no prominent markings. The 
female is wingless, about 14 inch in length, and varies from a hght 
gray to brownish, with two rows of black spots on the back. The 
antennae and lees are ringed with black and yellow or are of the body 
ground color. The full- erown larva is about 114 inches long. The 
head is rusty brown, the body bright yellow with 10 longitudinal 
wavy black lines on the back, the outer one on each side usually is 
heavier than the others, and the legs and prolegs are yellow (fig. 91, D). 
This species ranges thr oughout - the Eastern States and Canada, and 
westward to the Rocky Mountains. It is rather common in the for- 
ests, and sometimes causes serious defoliation over rather extensive 
areas in the Northeastern States. The larvae are general feeders 
on the foliage of deciduous forest and shade trees, particularly the 
oaks, apple, “birch, elm, hickory, basswood, and maple. The moths 
emerge from October to December, the eggs are deposited singly or 
in small groups usually in crevices on the bark, and pass the winter in 
this stage. Hatching takes place in April or early May, and the 
larvae become full grown in June or early in July. Pupation takes 
place in cells in the round, 
The moth of Lycia ursaria (Wlkr.) has a stout body, is gr ay, mar ked 
with diffuse blackish lines crossing both the fore and hind wings, and 
has a wing expanse of about 2 inches. The full-grown larva is vinous 
in color and 2 inches in length. The prothorax has four large whit- 
ish spots in front and the body is marked with many irr egular wavy 
longitudinal black lines and creamy-white spots. The spots are usu- 
ally most prominent on segments 1 to 5, each segment having a pair 
on top and one just behind each spiracle, also segments 3 to 5 have 
an additional subventral spot on each side (fig. 91, B). This species 
was recorded by Dyar (/4/a) as present in the Atlantic States. It 
is sometimes very common in the New England States. Apparently 
willow is its most favored food plant, but larvae also have been taken 
on apple, blueberry, wild black cherry, elm, maple, and poplar. The 
moths emerge in April and May, the larvae are active from May to 
July, the pupae are formed in the ground, and the winter is passed in 
the pupal stage. 
The pepper and salt moth (Amphidasis cognataria Guen.), also 
known in the larval stage as the cleft-headed spanworn, is dull white 
sprinkled with dark brown or black. It has a stout body, and a wing 
expanse of about 21, inches. The forewings are narrow, with a long 
outer edge, and crossing them are three diffuse lines and an outer 
distinct blackish hair line. The hind wings have three dark lines. 
The full-grown larva is about 2 inches in length. The head is deeply 
cleft, flat in front and granulated. The prothoracic segment is raised 
