INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 433 
in front with a blunt tubercle on each side, making the front of the cer- 
vical shield angular; the fifth abdominal segment has a pair of lateral 
tubercles, and the eighth a pair of converging pale granulated tu- 
bercles. The body is of even width for its entire length, and varies 
from greenish to reddish brown, resembling twigs of some of its food 
plants. In addition to the large and broad anal claspers there is one 
other pair of prolegs situated on the sixth abdominal segment (fig. 91, 
A). This species was recorded by Dyar (/4/a) as occurring in the At- 
lantic States. It is usually common in the Northeastern States, where 
the larvae feed on willow, poplar, wild cherry, sweetfern, apple, locust, 
and various other deciduous growths. 
The moths emerge from May to July, depending on the locality and 
season, and the larvae may be found from July to October. The pupa 
is formed in the ground and the winter is passed in this stage. 
The full-grown larvae of the species of Huchlaena common in the 
Eastern States are in general, about 114 to 2 inches in length, and 
gray or brown, somewhat mottled or marked with dark brown or black. 
Some species and their food plants are as follows: EF. serrata (Drury), 
maple, apple; &. obtusaria (Hbn.), chestnut; 4’, effecta (Wlkr.), rose, 
sweetfern, willow, wisteria; H. johnsonaria Fitch, oak, cherry; and 
Ef. pectinaria (Denis and Shiff.), oak, poplar, and wild cherry. 
The full-grown larva of Plagodis serinaria (H.-S.) is about 1144 
inches in length. The head is bilobed and angular, and the body dull 
brown with blotches of lighter and darker shades. On the back of 
the sixth abdominal segment is a prominent transverse swollen area. 
This species is found in the Atlantic States, and the larvae feed on 
yellow birch and maple. The moths emerge in May or June, larvae 
may be found from June through August, and the winter is passed 
in the pupal stage. 
The full-grow n larva of Hyperetis amicaria (H.-S.) is green to 
brownish, and about 114 inches long. The head is rather small and 
flattened in fr ont, and the body is marked with a pair of whitish spots 
on the back of all the segments except the first thoracic. The spiracles 
are black. This species is widely distributed through the eastern 
part of the United States. Its larvae feed on alder, yellow birch, 
beech, and other deciduous growths. ‘The moths emerge late in May 
and June, the larvae are found from July to early in September, and 
the winter is passed in the pupal stage. 
The full-grown larva of the filament bearer (Nematocampa 
limbata (Haw.) ) is about 84 inch in length, and greenish-brown. The 
head is slightly bilobed, and rusty red marbled with a paler hue. ‘The 
body is cylindrical and has a pair of prominent tubercles on the first 
abdominal segment, a pair of long slender fleshy brownish filaments 
on each of the second and third segments, and a pair of small tubercles 
tipped with rusty red on the eighth segment. ‘There is a broad white 
stripe on the back extending from the prothorax to the first pair of 
filaments. This species occurs in the eastern part of the United 
States and Canada. Its food plants include apple, gray birch, wild 
black cherry, chestnut, horsechestnut, maple, oak, and other deciduous 
trees and shrubs. The larvae are active from May to July, and the 
moths emerge from late in June to August. Presumably the winter is 
passed in the egg stage. 
