436 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
shape, color, and markings to L. athasaria pellucidaria but is smaller 
and more delicate in appearance. The full-grown larva is about 114 
inches in length, and is yellowish with dark markings. The head is 
marked with irregular brown to blackish spots. The body, above, 
is obscurely marked with areas of brown, white, and yellow, the sides 
much darker, with wavy lines of dark brown or reddish brown inter- 
rupted by an occasional dash of yellowish white, and the venter has 
five broken, wavy, brown lines. The legs and prolegs are dotted with 
irregular-shaped, dirty-brown spots (fig. 91, /). 
This species was listed by Dyar (/4/a) as occurring in the Atlantic 
States. Local outbreaks have occurred in Massachusetts and Connecti- 
cut in recent years. Houser (240) reported a serious outbreak that 
occurred in Ohio about 1925. Hemlock is its preferred food plant. 
The moths emerge in May and June, hatching occurs in July, and the 
larvae become full grown the latter half of September. Pupation 
takes place just beneath the top crust of the leaf mold, and the winter 
is passed as pupae. 
The moth of the chain-spotted geometer (Cingilia catenaria 
(Drury) ) has a wing expanse of 114 to 134 inches. The head and 
thorax at the base of the patagia are orange yellow, the body is white 
with black markings, the wings are smoky white and thin, the outer 
margin of both forewings and hind wings is marked by a faint black 
line, which is interrupted by several black spots, and half way between 
this line and the discal dot is an irregular line of black dots. The an- 
tennae of the males are very plumose. The moths are day fliers. The 
egos, when freshly laid, are pale green, later turning a dark violet. 
They are deposited singly in a promiscuous manner, often dropping to 
the ground. The full-grown larva is pale straw yellow, slender, cylin- 
drical, and nearly 2 inches in length. The head is dotted with black. 
The body is marked with lines on the sides just above the spiracles, 
which are interrupted on each segment by two conspicuous black dots, 
presenting a chain-dotted effect. Beneath there are three hair lines on 
each side, and in some specimens a faint fourth line is present (fig. 91, 
fH). The pupa is whitish marked with black blotches and is in a cocoon 
of loose network among the leaves. 
The moths emerge from August to October, the eggs are deposited 
in the fall, hatching takes place late in the spring, the larvae are active 
from June to August, and 3 to 4 weeks are spent in the pupal stage. 
This species is distributed through the eastern and northern parts of 
the United States and west to Minnesota, and in Nova Scotia and 
southern Canada. It has a long list of food plants, the more important 
being rather low-growing shrubs, sprouts, and small trees found in 
pastures and cut-over woodland areas which include bayberry, blue- 
berry (Phipps, 357), huckleberry, sweetfern, alder, balsam, gray and 
paper birch, wild cherry, oak, poplar, and willow. Local outbreaks 
are frequent in the Northeastern States. 
The moth of Deuteronomos magnarius (Guen.), the notched-wing 
geometer, has a wing expanse of 2 inches. It is yellowish, spotted 
with brown, with the outer third of the wings somewhat shaded and 
outer edges unevenly notched. The full-grown larva is about 214 
inches in length and yellowish green, tinged with red. The head is 
bilobed, rather small, and the antennae are large. The body is smooth, 
