INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 445 
The moth of the basswood leaf roller (Pantographa limata G. 
& R.) is white, shaded with pale yellow and with many elaborate mark- 
ings of olive or dull brown, The wing expanse is about 18 inches. 
The full-grown larva is about 1 inch in length, and is bright green, with 
the head and cervical shield black. It is generally distributed through- 
out the eastern part of the United States, and is a leaf roller on bass- 
vood. The moths emerge in June or July, and the larvae may be 
found feeding from July to September. Each larva rolls the apical 
half-or more of a leaf in the form of a tube in which it lives (fig. 96). 
The full-grown larva passes the winter in a cocoon constructed by 
folding a part of a leaf and lining it with silk, this leaf dropping to 
the ground in the au- _ 
tumn with other falling : ye 
leaves. Pupation takes : 
place late in spring. 
This species is often 
abundant, though it sel- 
dom, if ever, causes com- 
plete defoliation. 
The moth of Phlyctae- 
nia tertialis (Guen.), the 
elder leaf tier, is brown. 
marked with creamy 
white spots and streaks, 
some specimens being 
much lighter than others. 
The wing expanse is 
about % inch. The larva 
is ight green, with two 
broad white stripes on 
the back, and is sparsely 
hairy. When full grown, 
the larva is whitish or 
pinkish, translucent, and 
about 34 inch long. This 
species is generally dis- 
tributed through the 
Northeastern States, 
south to Virginia and 
west to Kansas. The 
larvae feed on the fohage 
ot elder, sometimes causing much defoliation in the Northeast. The 
winter is passed. as prepupal larvae in their hibernacula, which are 
usually spun in hollow stems or in the pith of elder. The moths 
emerge in June in the Northern States, and the larvae are found from 
July “to September. In southern New England and farther south 
there are two generations, or at least a partial second, the moths emerg- 
ing in May and June, and in August, and the larvae are found trom 
June to September. 
FiGurE 96.—Characteristic work of the basswood 
leaf roller (Pantographa limata). 
Famiry PYRALIDIDAE 
As now constituted, the species recognized under the Pyralididae 
are of little importance in the forest. Only one of these, Omphalo- 
