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INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 453 
In nurseries and in plantations where the crowns have not closed, and 
the infestation is severe enough to warrant the expense, timely pruning 
and destruction of the infested tips and the removal of brood trees will 
be found practical. 
The moth of Zacoma nyssaecolella Dyar is powdery gray with a 
wing expanse of about 5 inch. The for ayes have a whitish ante- 
medial line, on each side of which are patches of dark gray. The full- 
grown larva is black with a yellowish head. This species is sometimes 
locally abundant in Mas- 
sachusetts, and has also 
been recorded from New 
Jersey to western Penn- 
sylvania. The larvae are 
leaf folders or rollers on 
tupelo. Considerable 
frass becomes lodged in 
the loose web spun in the 
folded leaf or nest of each 
larva. In Massachusetts 
the larvae are found in 
July and August, the 
winter is passed in the 
pupal stage, and the 
moths emerge late in 
June and in July. 
The moth of the locust 
leaf roller (Salebria 
subcaesiella (Clem.)) is 
gray, with a wing ex- 
panse of about 1 inch. 
The forewings are pow- 
dery gray with a shading 
of reddish near the base 
and a broken black ter- 
minal line. The hind 
wings are cloudy, shaded 
toward the outer margin. FW 
Tl 5 Polleerowin ane Figure 101.—Scotch pine tree showing injury by 
1@ Tuli-grown larva is the Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryctria zim- 
nearly an “inch in length. mermani). 
The head and cervical 
shield are blackish, the body is green, with about five faint yellowish- 
green lines on each side of the dark-green median line. 
This species is distributed from Ontario to Maine, south to West 
Virginia and west to Colorado. The larva feeds on locust and wisteria. 
The moths emerge from May to July, and in August and September. 
Records indicate that in the Northeastern States there is one genera- 
tion and occasionally a partial second. The larvae can be found from 
June through September, and are usually between two or three leaves 
spun together with silk. They are usually quite common and often 
attract attention, although the records indicate the species is seldom 
a serious pest. The winter is passed as pupae in silken cocoons 
among the leaves on the ground. S. virgatella (Clem.) is also a leaf 
roller on locust. The full-grown larva is hght green with a lhght 
brown head. Its life cycle is similar to that of S. swbcaesiella. 
