INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 455 
Ficure 102.—Black locust seedlings showing injury to roots by Hlasmopalpus 
lignosellus. 
the flat type. The larvae are usually hairy and mostly leaf rollers, but 
«a few are borers. The pupae of most species are suspended by the 
caudal extremity. Although there are many species represented in 
North America, the larvae of most of them feed on annual and peren- 
