458 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
scalelike leaves late in June or early in July. The small larva bores 
into a leaf, hollowing out a considerable portion of a spray without 
again coming out into the open. It passes the winter in the larval 
stage, and pupates in May, and the adults issue in June. The control 
is the same as for A. thuiella (p. 487). 
Recurvaria juniperella (KEE ) isa leaf miner of red cedar and com- 
mon juniper in the Northeastern States. The larva is pale green with 
x pinkish tinge, and the head, cervical shield, and true legs are light 
brown. It is seldom of much economic importance. The moths issue 
in June. The life history is probably very similar to that of R. thuja- 
ella. The control isthe same as for Argyresthia thuiella (p. 487). 
The moth of the pine needle miner (Fvoteleia pinifoliella 
(Chamb.) ) is yellow brown marked with white or gray. The tip of 
the forewing and three bands dividing the wing into equal parts are 
white or orayish. The hind wing is fuscous. “The wing expanse is 
about % Z inch. The mature larva is about ;’; Inch in length, and yellow- 
ish br onan with the head, thoracic shield, and anal plate dark brown. 
It is distributed through the eastern part of the United States. The 
food plants are pitch pine, Virginia pine, shortleaf pine, and loblolly 
pine and jack pine. 
In the Northeastern States the moths are active during June and 
the first half of July. The eggs are deposited on the pine needles. On 
hatching, the larva bor es into a needle, burrowing toward the tip, but 
later reversing and mining toward the base. Winter is passed as a 
partly grown larva within its mine. Early in spring the larva resumes 
its feeding, entering fresh needles if necessary. The pupa is formed 
in the larval burrow in late May or early June. There is probably 
only one generation a year in the Northeastern States. Some authors 
indicate two or more generations annually. When infestations are 
severe, the mining of the foliage undoubtedly affects the annual in- 
crement. In addition it gives the trees a sickly and unsightly appear- 
ance. It is believed a lead arsenate-fish oil spray, such as is recom- 
mended for /pinotia nanana (p. 472), applied the first warm days 
late in March or early in April would be effective. Also the combined 
lead arsenate-nicotine spray recommended for Argyresthia thuiella 
applied when the moths are flying should give good results. For eau- 
tion in the use of arsenicals, see p. 34. 
The moth of Battaristis vittella (Busck) is very similar in color 
and pattern to the preceding species, but according to Busck (78), 
it is larger and without scale tufts and at once recognized by the 
black tornal dash. The full-grown larva is about 14 inch in length. 
The head, cervical shield, and anal plate are brown to dark brown, 
and the body is yellowish. 
This species is widely distributed through the eastern part of the 
United States. It has been reared from the buds of red pine and 
mugho pine in Connecticut and Massachusetts, cones of Scotch pine 
and Austrian pine in New York, cones of longleaf pine in Florida, 
cones of Virginia pine and from a cecid gall on loblolly pine in Mary- 
land. The moths emerge in New England from the middle of June 
until early in July and probably somewhat earlier in the Southern 
States. The insect passes the winter as a partly grown larva in a bud 
or cone of its host plants. The larvae resume feeding early in the 
spring and pupate in May or early in June. This species sometimes 
