460 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
of the United States, often locally abundant and causing the host 
plant to have an unsightly appearance. 
The moth of aenta cercerisella (Chamb. ) is velvety black, with 
the head and collar white. The forewings are slightly bronzed and 
marked with three costal spots and a few white terminal points. pa 
hind wings are pale. The wing expanse is about 34 inch. The larv: 
is white with black markings and webs together the leaves of redbuel 
This species occurs from Maryland to Tllinois and thr ough the South- 
ern States. There are at least two generations, the moths emer ging 
from May to September. In Texas the larvae were found feeding as 
late as October. 
The palmerworm (Dichomeris ligulella (Hbn.)) is about 14 to 5% 
inch in length. The head and cervical shield are yellow-brown and 
the body is greenish, translucent, with two narrow dorsal lines and two 
wider lateral lines whitish. This species is distributed through the 
northern part of the United States from New England west through 
Minnesota and in Canada. Its food plants include apple, cherry, 
hazel, oak, pear, and plum. 
As far as is known, the insect passes the winter in the adult stage, 
and there is one generation annually. Soon after the foliage appears 
in the spring eggs are laid on the undersides of the leaves. Hatching 
usually occurs late i in May, and the larvae become full grown in 25 to 30 
days. The larvae are leaf rollers and skeletonizers and may feed in 
the open or beneath the protection of folded or rolled leaves. In 
orchards they sometimes eat holes in the young fruit. Pupation takes 
place in the rolled leaves or in the litter on the ground, and the moths 
emerge in July or early in August. The records available indicate 
that this insect is generally quite common, often injurious in apple 
orchards, and that in the past long periods of years elapsed between 
serious outbreaks. Defoliation of oak and hazel by this species was 
widespread in 1941 over northern Minnesota. For control see page 
367. 
The adult of the juniper webworm (Dichomeris marginella (F.) ) 
is a brownish moth having a wing expanse of about 5g inch. The 
forewing is brown with white front and rear margins, and the hind 
wing fringed and of a uniform gray color. The fully grown larva is 
about lf, meh in leneth. The head, the cervical shield, and the legs 
are dae brown or black, and the body is light brown with a median 
longitudinal line and two broader dorso- lateral lines of darker brown. 
This species is an introduction from Europe and known to occur in 
the United States from Maine to North Carolina and west to Michigan 
and Missouri. Its food plants include Irish juniper, common juniper, 
and red cedar. The moths issue in June and early in July. The larvae 
are gregarious and web up the foliage of several twigs on which they 
feed. Apparently the hfe history has not been completely worked out, 
but records indicate there may be two generations a year. Larvae feed 
from April to early June, and in September. The pupae are formed 
in the web. It is an important pest in nurseries and on ornamental 
plantings, sometimes causing serious losses from defoliation. 
Famiry OECOPHORIDAE 
This family includes about 100 species of moderately small moths, 
few of which are ever of much importance as pests of trees in the 
eastern part of the United States. The larvae of most species are 
