INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 463 
pupates in its burrow in the spring and just prior to the emergence 
of the moth the pupa forces itself part way into the open, and after 
the moth emerges the pupal shell is left exposed (fig. 104, B, b, and DP). 
Trees shghtly wounded from any cause and then attacked by this in- 
sect may suffer severe injury. The borer reduces the vitality of the 
tree, frequently prevents healing of wounds and is responsible for 
ugly scars. 
Adults of Conopia 
corn (Hy. Edw.) are 
blackish with the mar- 
gins of the forewing 
wholly black, otherwise 
they are similar to C. 
acerni. The larvae bore 
in small branches of sil- 
ver and red maple caus- 
ing gall-like swellings. 
The adults of the 
rhododendron borer 
(Conopia rhododendri 
(Beut.) ) are the smallest 
of the clearwing moths. 
They are blackish with 
three yellow transverse 
stripes on the abdomen 
and have a wing expanse 
of only % to ¥% inch. 
The larvae bore in the 
stems and branches of See. 
rhododendron, working es Ss Dregne: 
just under the bark, caus- Taran 
ing them to wilt, and 
sometimes to break off. 
The moths emerge in 
May and June and de- 
posit their eggs on the 
twigs. The larvae be- 
come full grown before _ 
Ae teot cold: woather fieuRE 104.—The maple callus borer (Conopia 
acerni): A, Larvae; B, cocoons; C, adult; 
in the fall, hibernate in pp, pupa. 
their burrows, and trans- 
form to pupae in the spring. 
The adults of the dogwood borer (Conopia scitula (Harr.)) are 
blue-black with a yellow stripe on the second and fourth segments of 
the abdomen, and have yellow-banded legs. The wing expanse is 
from % to % inch. The larvae are white, with pale brown heads, 
and they bore in the cambium of flowering dogwood, gaining entrance 
under rough bark or around wounds. The life cycle is similar to 
that of C.rhododendri. Artificial control is not practical in the forest. 
Shade trees and ornamentals should be kept in a thrifty condition 
and protected from mechanical injuries. In some cases the borers 
can be dug out and the wounds then properly dressed, or the infested 
parts removed and burned, preferably delaying this until after the 
792440°—49——30 
