INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 479 
twigs. The fully grown larva is about 84 inch in length, and is light 
green with the head and thoracic shield either dark brown or black. 
The pupa is about 1% inch in length, is ight brown, and is formed 
within a rolled leaf. 
This insect is distributed throughout the United States, and is a 
general feeder. In addition to a variety of fruit trees it also attacks 
many deciduous forest and shade trees, including ash, boxelder, horse- 
chestnut, hickory, locust, 
elm, oak, Osage-orange, 
poplar, ‘sassafras, soft 
maple, walnut, and wil- 
low. The moths are ac- 
tive during June and 
July. There is one gen- 
eration a year, and “the 
winter is passed in the 
egg stage. Hatching 
takes place late in April 
or May at about the time 
the buds of its food plant 
begin to open. The 
length of the larval pe- 
riod is about 1 month. 
The larvae feed on the 
opening buds and un- 
folding leaves which they 
web together with silk. 
Later the larvae roll upa 
single leaf or several 
leaves, webbing them 
with silk, and if dis- 
turbed when out feeding 
they either retreat very 
rapidly to the nest or 
drop down on_= silken 
threads. Pupation takes 
place in flimsy cocoons 
spun in the rolled leaves. 
The young larvae injure 
the terminal growth by 
feeding on the unfolding ‘Ficure 111.—Oak leaves webbed together by 
leaves. Later they may Archips fervidana to forma nest. <A few pupae 
eerie ee ioccomie and a shown protruding from the lower part of 
c the nest. 
young fruit as well as the 
foliage, sometimes. causing complete defoliation of their food plant. 
The moth of the oblique-banded leaf roller (Archips rosaceana 
(Harr.) has a wing expanse of 34 to 1144 inches, and is hght brown, 
with three more or less distinct dark-brown, oblique bands across the 
forewings. The hind wings are cream to brownish yellow and shaded 
toward the inner margin with gray. The fully grown larva is about 
34 inch in length, pale @ ereen to yellowish green, with a brownish head, 
and the thoracic shield somewhat paler, 
792440°—49——31 
