INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 483 
have two oblique brown bands, also a curved subterminal streak usually 
connected by a line in the discal fold to the outer oblique band, and 
finer lines to outer margin. The hind wings are white. The full- 
grown larva is about 34 inch long, light green with amber-yellow head, 
and pale legs. It is distributed from Quebec to Texas, and the food 
plants are black, red, white, and pin oaks. The larvae are leaf rollers 
and feed during May and early June, and the moths issue in the latter 
part of June. Occasionally the insect causes serious defoliation, 
though usually the damage is rather local (Frost 173). 
The moth of the red-banded leaf roller (Argyrotaenia velutinana 
(Wlkr.)) has a wing expanse of about 14 to 34 inch and is mottled 
with brown, but the markings are somewhat variable. The forewings 
have an oblique band from the middle of the costa widening to cover 
the outer third of the inner margin, with a blackish triangular patch 
beyond it on the costa, also a more or less oval, grayish patch in the 
apical area, and the inner margin of the basal half often is shaded 
with gray. The hind wings are grayish brown. The full-grown 
larva is about 84 inch long; the body is pale grass green and the head 
is pale green, tinged with brown (Frost 173). It is a general feeder 
and often causes considerable injury, perhaps more often in the or- 
chard and garden than in the forest. It ranges from Canada south 
to North Carolina and Tennessee, and west to Iowa and Texas. There 
are two or three generations each year. It hibernates in the pupal 
stage beneath bark or in duff on the ground, and the moths of the 
first generation emerge between March and May, depending on the 
climatic location. 
The moth of Argyrotaenia quadrifasciana (Fern.), the four-lined 
leaf roller, is lemon yellow heavily dotted with orange, is marked with 
two oblique reddish lines, and often the outer margin is shaded with 
brownish red. The hind wings are grayish. The wing expanse is 
about 84 inch. The fully grown larva is 14 to % inch in length, 
the head apple green, often tinged with reddish brown, and the tho- 
racic shield and body apple green. There is one generation a year, and 
winter is passed as partly grown larvae in silken hibernacula on the 
twigs or trunk of the host tree. The larvae may be found from late in 
June to late in May of the following year. The moths emerge about 
the middle of June (Greenwood 203). The four-lined leaf roller is 
distributed from Canada south to Maryland and west to Ilhnois and 
Arkansas. It is common in the Northeastern States and apparently 
apple is its favored food plant. 
The moth of the hickory leaf roller (Argyrotaenia juglandana 
(Fern.) ) is brownish, with a wing expanse about 24 to 1 inch. The 
forewings are dark brown crossed by two parallel oblique blackish 
lines, the second usually extending to the anal angle, and the hind 
wings are mouse gray. The full-grown larva is nearly 34 inch in 
length. The head is pale green tinged with brown, the body pale 
and semitranslucent. This species is distributed through the North- 
eastern States and Canada west to Wisconsin. The larvae feed on 
hickory, each rolling a leaf in a conspicuous manner. The moths 
emerge in June and July in New England, and the larvae are found 
in May and June. 
The pine tube moth (Argyrotaenia pinatubana (Kearf.)) is rust 
red, and has a wing expanse of about %¢ inch. The forewings have 
two whitish oblique bands crossing them, and the hind wings are pearl 
