486 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
FIGURE 114.—Tupelo leaf mined by Antispila 
nyssacfoliella, 
Porter and Garman 
(355) recorded at least 
three generations and a 
partial fourth in Con- 
necticut. The moths are 
active from early in June 
to September. The mi- 
nute, green ege@s are de- 
posited singly on the 
under side of the leaves, 
usually next to the mid- 
rib. The larvae feed at 
first on the lower sur- 
face of the leaf beneath 
loosely spun layers of 
silk. When about one- 
third grown, the larvae 
migrate to the upper side 
of the leaf and spm a 
hght web across from the 
opposite edges, drawing 
the two edges of the leaf 
partly together. Here 
the larvae consume all 
except the lower epli- 
dermis and the veins. 
Pupation takes place in 
a white cocoon, pointed 
at both ends, which is 
usually spun in a fold or 
curl of a leaf. It has not 
been definitely estab- 
lished in which stage this 
insect passes the winter. 
In many localities the fo- 
hage has been completely 
skeletonized by late Au- 
gust, and the leaves 
have turned brown and 
dropped to the ground 
early in September. This 
is. particularly so on 
apple trees where a com- 
plete spray program has 
not been carried out. Although recorded as attacking some forest 
trees in Europe, thus far it has not been of importance as a forest pest 
in the United States. 
Famity YPONOMEUTIDAE 
In the more typicat forms of Yponomeutidae the wings are com- 
paratively broad with the venation only a little reduced. “The larvae 
vary considerably, and few species are important as pests of tree 
growth. 
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