494. MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
duff on the ground. 
There are two complete 
generations, the moths 
emerging in May and 
July. Larvae are active 
in June and July, and 
August and September. 
The winter is passed in 
the pupal stage. For 
control, spray with a 
combined lead arsenate- 
nicotine sulfate solution 
(p. 53) before the larvae 
curl the leaves. 
Famiry LYONETIIDAE 
The Lyonetiidae, as 
usually defined, include a 
number of species of tiny 
moths having a number 
of structural characters 
in common, but having 
larvae whose form and 
habits differ consider- 
ably. As presently con- 
stituted this family is a 
heterogeneous assem- 
blage of genera. The 
majority of the species, 
however, fall within one 
genus, Bucculatriz, the 
it ak tee ribbed-cocoon makers 
Figure 117.—Bloteh mines of Cameraria cinein- ae 1 ¢ +} ic 
natiella on white oak leaves. The adults of this genus 
have the vertex of the 
head rough or tufted, the face smooth, and the basal segment of the 
antennae extended to form an eye cap fringed with stiff hairs. The 
wings are lanceolate, the hind pair with broad fringe, and usually 
brown, black, or silvery white markings. 
The larvae are usually rather stout and greenish. The body is 
cylindrical. The head has the front extending about two-thirds of 
the way to the vertex, and the thoracic legs and prolegs are well 
developed. The newly hatched larvae at first form serpentine mines 
in the foliage of their food plant but later emerge and feed externally, 
skeletonizing the leaves. Pupation takes place within elongate silken 
cocoons which are sometimes spun on the foliage, though more often 
on twigs or small branches. In most species ‘the cocoons are spun 
ina characteristic manner with longitudinal ridges or ribs, but they 
may vary in size, color, and the number of ribs. The pupae are 
rather short and spindle shaped, and the appendages are loosely at- 
tached, not being cemented to the body wall. The dorsal surface of 
the abdomen is “provided with minute spines, segments 3 to 7 in 
the male and 3 to 6 in the female are movable, and the tenth abdominal 
segment has prominent lateral projections ending in stout laterally 
= 
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