INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 5OL 
flexible wire into the bur- 
rows. Carbon disulfide 
may be injected and the 
burrows then stopped up 
with putty, grafting wax, 
or some other plastic ma- 
terial. Because of its hab- 
its, the control of this 
insect is difficult and ex- 
pensive. (See control 
measures on pages 24-27.) 
The moth of the pecan 
carpenter worm (Cossula 
magnifica (Stkr.)) 1s 
grayish with brown mark- 
ings. The head is brown, 
the thorax has faint dark 
spots, and the abdomen is 
brownish gray. The fore- 
wings are mottled with 
small brown patches and 
have each a large brownish 
area at the distal end, and 
the hind wings are uni- 
formly darker without 
markings. The wing ex- 
panse is about 114 inches. 
The full-grown larva is 
about 11% inches in length. 
The head, cervical shield, 
and anal plate are shiny 
dark brown, and the body 
is pinkish and_ sparsely 
clothed in short, fine hairs. 
This species is distributed 
through the Southern 
States and Mexico, and at- 
tacks hickory, oak, and 
pecan. The newly hatched 
larvae first attack the 
small twigs, boring into 
the pith. Later they crawl 
to larger branches and the 
trunk and bore into the 
hardwood, making galler- 
Fiaure 124.—Branch nearly girdled by the leop- 
ard moth (Zeuzera pyrina). (Courtesy Conn. 
Agr. Expt. Sta.) 
les several inches in length. Usually small heaps of pellets extruded 
by the larvae can be found at the base of an infested tree, and upon 
close examination of the tree trunk there will be found one or more 
holes about the size of a lead pencil from which the pellets are being 
forced out by the insect. 
Although the complete life cycle is not 
known, it is believed there is one complete generation each year in the 
Southern States. The moths emerge in May and June. The larvae 
inhabit their tunnels during the fall, winter, and spring, and pupate 
