INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 511 
renders the seed infertile. The larva is reddish and becomes full 
grown in October, when a windowlike spot can be seen on the surface 
of the seed. ‘Transformation occurs within the gall, the larva being 
inclosed within a fine, white cocoon. The species is of European 
origin. 
BUXUS (Box) 
The boxwood leaf miner (J/onarthropalpus buxi Lab.) is another 
introduced insect. The adult is orange-colored, about 44 9 inch in 
length, and appears during the first 2 weeks of May. The larvae 
mine the leaves, causing oval, yellowish or brownish blisters (fig. 131), 
which may cover the entire leaf in a heavy infestation. 
Middleton and Smith (302) obtained satisfactory control by sodium 
cyanide fumigation, immersion in hot water, or by a nicotine sulfate 
spray. ‘The spraying method appears to be the most practical, and 
one application is sufficient for the season. Use 2 pounds of a 50-per- 
cent wettable powder or about 2 quarts of a 25-precent emulsion con- 
centrate per 100 gallons of water. For smaller quantities stir 114 level 
tablespoontuls of the 50-percent powder or 4 teaspoonfuls of the 25- 
percent rate into 1 gallon of water. (See caution on p. 36.) 
HICORIA (HICKORY) 
Caryomyta holotricha (O.S.) is the cause of the hickory onion gall, 
a thin-walled, rust-red hairy, globose leaf gall with a diameter of 2 to 
4 mm., found on the leaves of hickory in midsummer. C. sanguino- 
lenta (O. S.) makes the conical hickory gall, which somewhat re- 
sembles the hickory onion gall, but lacks the brown pubescence of the 
gall of C. holotricha and is green or red tinted, becoming brown late 
inthesummer. Itis2mm. long. C. tubicola O. S. makes the hickory 
tube gall (fig. 132), a cylindrical, greenish, oblique leaf gall about 4 
or 5mm. long, with a diameter of 1 mm. 
CATALPA (CATALPA) 
The catalpa midge (Jtonida catulpae (Comst.)) is a delicate yel- 
lowish fly about 4%. inch in length, appearing late in May or in June. 
The young larvae attack the foliage of catalpa, destroying a part of 
the leaf and causing the injured leaves to wilt and drop off. ‘They 
also attack the pods and destroy the seed. In a serious attack the 
trees are stunted and take on a bushy form, which renders them value- 
less commercially. No satisfactory control methods are known, al- 
though a great number of Jarvae would probably be destroyed by 
spraying late in May with nicotine sulfate solution. (See caution on 
e oo) CORNACEAE (DocGwoop) 
The dogwood club gall, made by d/ycodiplosis alternata Felt, is 
usually characterized by a distinct swelling on the smaller twigs. This 
is a common deformity of the flowering dogwood caused by a small, 
reddish-brown midge with mottled wings. The full-grown larva is 
orange-colored and about 1% inch long. Larval development is usually 
completed in the latter part of September, and the larvae drop to the 
ground and pass the winter in that stage. The adults emerge the latter 
part of May and attack the young shoots, which will show evidence of 
infestation about a month later. Cutting off and destroying the galls 
792440°—_49——_338 
