524 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Greene (199) briefly described the larva, pupa, and adult of Agromyza 
pruinosa. His data, relative to the seasonal history of the species is 
corroborative of the earler work of Brown. In 1915 Malloch (287) 
described the adult and immature stages of A. pruni Gross., and 
Greene (200) described in detail two more species of cambium miners, 
namely, A. aceris and A. amelanchieris. 
Although it is not at all certain that the species are monophagous, 
they are separated by the writer on that basis, Agromyza aceris Greene 
working in red maple, A. amelanchieris Greene in serviceberry, A. 
pruinosa Coq. in river birch, and A. prunt Gross. in Prunus sp. 
Famity TEPHRITIDAE 
The Fruitflies 
The fruitflies are small flies, usually with pictured wings, indistinct 
vibrissae, and prominent ovipositors. The larvae are usually pale 
yellowish, cylindrical, and tapered shghtly toward the cephalic end. 
The family is essentially a phytophagous one. Most of the native 
species of economic importance belong to the genus Rhagoletis, the 
larvae of which live within the pulp of fruits. Other species are gall 
spe or they live in the flower heads, buds, or stems of various small 
plants. 
Among the more common species that attack the fruit of woody 
plants are the apple maggot, or blueberry maggot (2hagoletis pom- 
onella (Walsh) ), which has been bred from the fruit of apple, haw- 
thorn, dogwood, wild plum, and chokecherry; and the cherry fruitfly, 
or cherry maggot (2. cingulata (Loew)), which attacks cherry, 
fringetree (Chionanthus virginica), and wild tea olive (Osmanthus 
americana). The last-named species is the well-known cherry fruit- 
fly, distinguished by the white crossbands on the abdomen from the 
black cherry fruitfly (2. fausta (O.S.)), another species that attacks 
cherry. In 7. fausta, the abdomen is wholly black. 
The larvae of the walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis suavis (O.S.)) live 
in the husks of black walnut. Characteristic of their injury are the 
blackened hulls, which become slimy within, causing the husks to stick 
to the shell. Hudeza limata (Coq.) lives in the fruit of holly, and 
Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerst. in the fruit of papaya. 
Suprrramity 7/PULOIDEA 
Crane Flies 
The crane flies derive their name from their long slender legs. The 
abdomen is elongate and the mesonotum has a distinct V-shaped 
suture. A number of species are common in the forest, particularly 
along the edge near fields or meadowland. The larvae are cylindrical 
and wormlike and have an extremely tough skin. Some species attain 
an enormous size, the extended larva measuring nearly 60 mm. in length 
and about 11 mm. in width. 
The species may be aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial, the latter 
habit predominating. Most of the species are phytophagous, although 
many are decidedly carnivorous. Several species have been reported 
as injurious to crops, but only a few attack woody plants. In this 
