530 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
ENDOPARASITIC SPECIES 
KEY TO FAMILIES 
LARVAE 
ie Endoparasites of mammals (injurious species) -Oestridae s. lat. p.530 
Endoparasites of invertebrates (largely beneficial species)_._______ 2 
2. Host species, Orthoptera: 
Posterior spiracles in pit.___________ Sarcophagidae, p.537. 
Posterior spiracles not in pit___.________ Conopidae, p.531. 
Host species otherthan  Orthoptera 222223 ee eee 3 
3. Host species, Hemiptera: 
Posterior spiracles with 3 spiracular openings on a common 
chitin plate at the tip of body_____ ee (Pipunculidae)- 
Dorilaidae, p.531. 
Posterior spiracular plates are approximated, located on the 
tips of the posterior end; sometimes on a distinet tubercle 
Tachinidae, p.531. 
Host species, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. or Coleoptera__________ 4 
4. Maxillae and antennae poorly developed; mandibles short, hook- 
like; posterior spiracles situated upon last segment____________ 5 
Maxillae and antennae well developed; mandibles sickle-shaped; 
posterior spiracles situated on the penultimate segment 
Bombyliidae, p.533. 
5, Body more or less elongate, segmentation indistinct; posterior end 
of body rather truncate or broadly rounded, without long pro- 
CESSES 23 5 Se Os i eS Dees nye at, 2 ke pees ey 6 
Body oval or pyriform, segmentation distinct; antennae wartlike, 
tipped with a chitinous ocelluslike ring; posterior spiracular plates 
large round. Living within the abdomen of bees or wasps. 
(Conops) iE Sexe ae ie ae es eee Conopidae, p. 531. 
6. Posterior spiracles fiush or raised from adjacent area 
Tachinidae, p, 531. 
Posterior spiracles in deep anal depression__Sarcophagidae, p. 537. 
Famitry OESTRIDAE 
Warble or Botflies 
Most of the oestrids are medium- to large-sized flies resembling 
small bumblebees. The mouth parts are usually vestigial. The adults 
are occasionally collected in the field, but it is usually the larvae, or 
bots, that are seen. The larvae are broadly cylindrical and taper 
only slightly at each end. The body is either with or without strong 
spines. 
All the species are parasitic on mammals. The best known repre- 
sentatives of this family are probably the northern cattle grub (Hy- 
poderma bovis (Deg.)) and the common cattle grub (Z. lineatum 
(De Vill.)). Cattle are the host species, others being accidental. 
Scarcely less known is the horse botfly (Gastrophilus intestinalis 
(Deg.)), which has also been bred from deer and dog. During the 
last few years the nose and throat maggots of deer and large game 
animals have been given considerable attention. ‘There are several 
species of these concerned, the most common probably being Cephen- 
omyia pratti Hunt. and C. phobifer Clark. The death of a large num- 
ber of deer is laid to these flies. 
Botflies attacking smaller game animals are: Pseudobogeria sp. and 
P. emasculator (Fitch) (squirrel parasites), and P. buccata (F.) and 
Cuterebra cuniculi Clark (rabbit parasites). C. cuniculi is the larg- 
est muscoid known, the adult measuring about 26 or 27 mm. in length. 
Undetermined species of Pseudobogeria have also been taken from 
tame rabbits, meadow mice, and cats. 
