604 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
made in Ontario and Quebec in 1916. Graham (190) recorded para- 
sitization of 19 percent by this species near Treesbank in 1916, para- 
sitization of 88 percent with an average of 75 percent over a con- 
siderable area near Treesbank in 1927, ‘and parasitization of 30 per- 
cent at Glen Murray, Quebec, in 1929. In 1917 a small lot of cocoons 
was sent from Canada to the State entomologist for liberation in 
Michigan, and small colonies of the parasite were sent from Canada 
to New England in 1929 and 1931 for liberation in New Hampshire 
and M assachusetts. Dowden (135) noted in 1937 the recovery of this 
parasite in Montana, Michigan, Wiseonotr, and Minnesota, and since 
then it has been recovered in Connecticut, New York, and Penn- 
sylvania. 
Some forest entomologists are of the opinion that the larch sawfly 
is circumpolar, and has been with us always, in spite of the fact that 
it was first recorded from the Arnold Arboretum in 1881. The wide- 
spread occurrence of Afeso/etus might be considered further proof of 
this. Be that as it may, the parasite is a useful member of our fauna. 
The adult is about 3 ‘inch long; black, with a yellow face, and with 
red legs except the hind tibiae, which have lighter bases and the tips 
of the tibiae and tarsi brown to black. The females oviposit in larch 
sawfly larvae. The parasite does not develop beyond the first instar 
that season, hibernating in this stage within the prepupal larva in its 
cocoon. Development is completed | in the spring, and the adult insect 
emerges from the host cocoon. There is oniy one generation a year. 
Campoplex frustranae Cush. is an important parasite of the Nan- 
tucket pine tip moth (Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.)) in New Eng- 
land and Virginia. Cushman (725) lists it as second in importance 
among the parasites reared from this host at Falls Church, Va., in 1924. 
The adult is about 34g inch long, and black, with reddish legs, except 
the hind coaxe, which are black. The abdomen is petiolate and str ongly 
compressed fr om side to side. The adult female lays an internal egg 
in the small tip moth larva. The parasite larva completes develop- 
ment after the host larva has pupated, and a light, white cocoon is 
spun inside the shattered shell of the newly formed host pupa. In 
New England adults emerge about June 1, which is about the same 
time adult moths appear. One generation of both host and parasite 
is completed in New England. Possibly the parasite completes two 
generations farther south, where the host has two generations. 
In 1925 adults of Campoplex frustranae were introduced into a 
pine plantation in Nebraska for the control of a variety of R. frus- 
trana, which was seriously damaging pine plantations in the Nebraska 
National Forest. Within 5 years ‘this parasite was destroying be- 
tween 80 and 90 percent of the host over much of the area. Unfor- 
tunately a second species of tip moth, in which @. frustranae could 
not develop, became abundant about that time, and since then the 
plantation has suffered about as much as it did before the parasite 
yas introduced. Nevertheless the reduction of the original infesta- 
tion by C. frustranae was an exceptional case of control of a forest 
insect by an introduced parasite. 
Famiry BRACONIDAE 
The braconids are closely related in structure and habits to the 
Ichneumonidae. Lepidoptera are the insects most commonly para- 
