INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 615 
were separated out and placed in new areas. More than 65 million 
Anastatus were thus colonized. The parasite is now generally present 
throughout the infested area, and in certain years it often parasitizes 
high [petemiieyes of the egos, particularly in eastern New England. 
Crossman (122) gave an “account of work done with this species. 
The adult female is 
from 2 to 3 mm. long, 
strikingly marked 
green and _ brown, 
with two broad fus- 
cous bands on the 
wings. The male is 
smaller, about 2 mm. 
long, greenish black, 
with hyaline wings. 
Normally Anastatus 
has one generation 
each year, although 
occasionally two gen- 
erations have been re- 
corded. It spends 
the winter as a full- 
grown larva within 
the host egg. Adults 
emerge in July, when 
gypsy moth females 
are depositing their 
egg masses, and the 
parasites are often 
seen ovipositing in 
the eggs before the 
cluster has been en- 
tirely deposited. The 
parasite egg hatches C 
very soon after OVI- — Freurr 188—Anastatus disparis, a gypsy-moth 
position, and the parasite. A, Adult female; B, egg; C, hibernat- 
larva develo ps ing larva from gypsy moth egg. All greatly 
enlarged. 
quickly into the hi- 
bernating stage, about 3 weeks being required for development from 
egg to full- -grown larva. 
FamMity PTEROMALIDAE 
This is one of the largest chalcidoid families, and its members act as 
parasites or hyperparasites of almost all orders of insects. 
Diorachys cavus (Wlkr.) is a well-known, cosmopolitan hyper- 
parasite. It attacks a great variety of primary parasites including 
many species of ichneumonids, and it has also been reared from 
tachinid puparia. Occasionally it acts as a primary parasite, and it 
has been reared from Diprion hercyniae, but it usually is a secondary 
parasite of this host also. It is extremely destructive to many 1m- 
portant beneficial species. Muesebeck and Dohanian (510) gave an 
account of its life history as a parasite of Apanteles melanoscelus 
(Ratz.). The adult is a small dark, almost black insect with a metal- 
