624 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
FIGURE 192.—Colony of carpenter ants in a 2-foot 
section of a telephone pole in winter. The 
arrow indicates ground level. (Courtesy Conn. 
Agr. Expt. Sta.) 
of her wings, and exca- 
vates a small chamber 
within which she seals 
herself. She remains en- 
closed during the time 
her first progeny are de- 
veloping into adult work- 
ers. These she feeds from 
secretions of her salivary 
glands. As soon as the 
workers appear they take 
over the work of the 
nest, cutting approxi- 
mately parallel, concen- 
tric galleries running 
through the wood. Open- 
ings, sometimes called 
windows, are cut to the 
outside through which 
food is brought into the 
nest. The young workers 
feed the queen and care 
for her eggs and the 
young larvae. After the 
first brood has been 
reared by the queen, the 
workers feed the young 
with secretions from 
their mouths, and they 
carry both larvae and 
pupae from place to 
place in the nest in an 
effort to rear them under 
the most favorable con- 
ditions. As the colony 
grows, more galleries are 
cut, to enlarge the nest. 
Early in the summer col- 
onmles about 3 years old or 
older produce winged 
males and females, which 
leave the nest to mate and 
establish new colonies. 
Either sex may predomi- 
nate in a colony, and the 
flights from all the colo- 
nies occur simultaneously 
in the same neighborhood. Means is thus afforded for intercrossing 
with individuals from different colonies. 
These insects may be contolled in several ways (see pages 43 and 
44). ‘The simplest method is to inject sodium fluoride, arsenical 
dusts, carbon disulfide, kerosene, or orthodichlorobenzene into the 
nests. ‘The sodium fluoride is probably the most satisfactory, for the 
