FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 



In order to save indexers the labor of reviewing so large a work, 

 no new names or combinations are published here. 



A sketch map of Arizona, showing the boundaries of the counties, 

 the principal rivers, and some of the more important towns, is pro- 

 vided (fig. 1). 



ECONOMIC INFORMATION 



Under the several families and genera and occasionally under a 

 particular species, there are some brief statements of economic uses 

 by the Indians and others, including such particulars as food value for 

 man and livestock, timber value, soil-binding utility, medicinal and 

 poisonous properties, and possibilities as cultivated ornamentals. 

 These notes have been compiled from many sources, including personal 

 observation. It has not seemed necessary to cite the authority for each 

 statement, but a list of publications from which the information was 

 obtained will be found at the end of the volume (pp. 1036-37). 



BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF ARIZONA 2 



Botanical exploration of territory now comprised in the State of 

 Arizona may be said to have begun with the military expedition of 

 1846-47 led by Lt. W. H. Emory, from Santa Fe, N. Mex., to Cali- 

 fornia, during the Mexican War. His route followed the Gila River 

 from near its source to its mouth. In the early 1850's, the naturalists 

 of the United States-Mexican Boundary Survey, J. M. Bigelow, C. C. 

 Parry, Arthur Schott, George Thurber, and Charles Wright, collected 

 extensively in the extreme southern part of what is now Arizona. 

 In 1851, S. W. Woodhouse, surgeon-naturalist of Capt. L. Sitgreaves' 

 expedition across northern Arizona to the Colorado River, obtained 

 botanical specimens. J. M. Bigelow r , accompanying Lt. A. W. Whipple 

 on his exploration for a railway to the Pacific in 1853-54, brought 

 back important collections from the same general region. The geolo- 

 gist, J. S. Newberry, as a member of the expedition of Lt. J. C. Ives, 

 in 1858, up the Colorado River and across northern Arizona via the 

 Grand Canyon and Hopi pueblos to Fort Defiance, collected many 

 plants. These early collections were studied and reported upon by 

 such eminent botanists as John Torrey, Asa Gray, and George Engel- 

 mann. 



In the 1860's tw r o distinguished ornithologists, J. G. Cooper and 

 Elliott Coues, collected plants, the first in the vicinity of Fort Mohave, 

 the second chiefly around Prescott. Dr. Charles Smart obtained 

 numerous specimens in the Mazatzal Mountains and along the Verde 

 River. It was in this decade that an indefatigable collector, Edward 

 Palmer, began his botanical explorations of Arizona, first in associa- 

 tion with Coues and afterward alone, collecting at intervals until 

 1890 and traversing nearly all parts of the State. The large number 

 of species named for him attests the importance of his discoveries. 



The most important contribution to the knowledge of the Arizona 

 flora during the 1870's was made by the forester, J. T. Rothrock, bota- 

 nist of Lt. George M. Wheeler's expedition (United States geograph- 

 ical surveys west of the one-hundredth meridian). Dr. Rothrock 

 collected extensively in southeastern Arizona, chiefly in 1S74. In 



2 For citations of literature sec JosErn EWAN. birliograimiy OF THE BOTANT ok ARIZONA. Amor. 



Midland Nat. 17: 430-451. 1936. 



