FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 395 



This large genus includes the cultivated blackberries and raspberries. 

 In Arizona, R. strigosus var. arizonicus, a raspberry, and R. oligosper- 

 mias, a blackberry, produce edible fruits, good for eating raw and often 

 used locally for making jam and jelly. The fruits are much relished 

 by birds and other wild animals. The most ornamental of the species, 

 with large white flowers, are the thimbleberries, R. neomexicanus and 

 R. parviflorus, which are reported to be extensively browsed by deer. 



Key to the species 



1. Stems unarmed, not prickly or bristly; bark exfoliating; leaves simple, 3- to 



5-lobed; petals 15 to 30 mm. long; fruit red, not very juicy, hemispheric or 



flatter; styles short, club-shaped (2). 



2. Leaf blades 5 to 20 cm. wide, the lobes acute or acuminate; flowers usually 



in loose clusters of 3 or more, seldom solitary; styles glabrous; drupelets 



capped by a hard, pubescent cushion 1. R. parviflorus. 



2. Leaf blades 3 to 10 cm. wide, the lobes acute or obtuse; flowers solitary, or 



in 2's; styles hairy; drupelets not capped by a pubescent cushion. 



2. R. NEOJ1EXICAXUS. 



1. Stems prickly or at least bristly; bark not exfoliating; leaves compound; petals 

 less than" 15 mm. long; styles elongate (3). 



3. Sepals shorter than the petals; fruit globose or nearly so; drupelets glabrous 



at maturity or very nearly so; stems, petioles, and leaf veins, beneath, 



armed with short, flattened, reflexed or recurved prickles; leaves of the 



shoots pedately 5-foliolate, those of the flowering stems 3-foliolate (4). 



4. Stems prostrate, only the flowering branches erect; lower surface of the 



leaf blades green, soon glabrate, the veins only slightly prominent; 



inflorescence corymbiform, 1- to 5-flowered; fruit dark red at maturity, 



the drupelets large „ 3. R. oligospermia. 



4. Stems erect, ascending, or recurved; lower surface of the leaf blades per- 



manently white-tomentose, the veins prominent; inflorescence cymose- 

 paniculate, elongate, several- to many-flowered; fruit black at maturity. 



4. R. PROCERUS. 



3. Sepals equaling or longer than the petals, caudate-acuminate; fruit hem- 

 ispheric or somewhat higher; drupelets pubescent; leaflets sharply 

 double-serrate, white-tomentose beneath (5). 



5. Spines slender or reduced to bristles, straight or nearly so; inflorescence 



and hypanthium spinose-bristly, more or less glandular; leaves all 

 pinnate, on the shoots 5- to 7- (rarely 9-) foliclate, on the flowering 

 branches usually 5- (sometimes 3-) foliolate; terminal leaflet ovate or 



ovate-lanceolate; mature fruit bright red 5. R. strigosus. 



5. Spines stout, laterally flattened, those of the branchlets strongly curved; 

 inflorescence and hypanthium not bristly, the pubescence soft; leaves 

 of the shoots often pedately 5-foliolate, those of the flowering branches 

 3-foliolate; terminal leaflet broadly ovate; mature fruit dark red to 

 nearly black 6. R. leucodermis. 



1. Rubus parviflorus Nutt., Gen. PL 1: 308. 1818. 



Rubacer parviflorum Rvdb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 30: 274. 

 1903. 



Tunitcha Mountains and White Mountains (Apache County), 8,000 

 to 9,500 feet, July. Michigan to Alaska, south to New Mexico, 

 eastern Arizona, and California. 



2. Rubus neomexicanus A. Gray, PL Wright. 2: 55. 1853. 



Oreobatus neomexicanus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 30: 275. 

 1903. 



Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 

 feet^ May to September. New Mexico, Arizona, and northern 

 Mexico. 



