FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 405 



commonly solitary; hypanthium hemispheric, bearing 5 narrow 

 bractlets alternating with the sepals; petals broad, white; stamens 

 and pistils numerous; achenes with long purplish plumose persistent 

 styles. 



1. Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl., Genera PL 1246. 1840. 



Sieversia paradoxa D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 14: 576. 

 1825. 



Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties south to Cochise and 

 Pima Counties, 3,700 to 8,000 feet, common, often in chaparral, 

 April to October. Southern Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and northern 

 Mexico. 



This handsome shrub affords fairly good browse for cattle and 

 sheep and is of value as a soil binder. The Hopi Indians use an 

 infusion of the leaves as a stimulant of hair growth. 



15. COWAXIA. Cliffrose 



Plants shrubby or arborescent, often resinous and strong smelling, 

 the stems usually erect and rather stiff; leaves evergreen, thick, obo- 

 vate-cuneate and pinna tely cleft or parted, to entire and narrowly 

 spatulate, with revolute margins, loosely lanate or glabrate above, 

 densely white-lanate beneath; flowers solitary at the ends of the 

 branchlets, rather large; hypanthium turbinate; petals broadly obo- 

 vate, white or pale yellow; pistils few, with long plumose whitish 

 persistent styles. 



1. Cowania stansburiana Torr. in Stansb., Expl. Great Salt Lake 

 386. 1853. 



Cowania davidsonii Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 22: 416. 1913. 



Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Santa 

 Cruz Counties, 3,500 to 8,000 feet, very common on dry slopes and 

 mesas, especially in the juniper-pinyon association, often on limestone, 

 April to September, type of C. davidsonii from Blue River, Greenlee 

 County (Davidson 754). Southern Colorado to Nevada, Arizona, 

 southern California, and northern Mexico. 



Sometimes called quinine-bush. This is one of the most important 

 winter browse plants for cattle, sheep, and deer, despite the bitter 

 taste of the foliage. It is reported that strips of the inner bark were 

 braided together by the aborigines of Utah and Nevada and used 

 for clothing, sandals, rope, and mats. The plant is used by the Hopi 

 Indians as an emetic and as a wash for wounds, and the wood, formerly, 

 for making arrows. Under favorable circumstances the shrub attains 

 a height of 7.5 m. (25 feet), but is ordinarily much smaller. The 

 flowers are fragrant. 



What appears to be an undescribed species of Cowania has been collected in 

 eastern Mohave County near the Aquarius Mountains, altitude 2,500 feet {Darrow 

 and Crooks 3, Darrow and Benson 10891), flowering in April. It is a straggling 

 shrub 0.3 to 0.75 m. high, not glandular-punctate or viscid, with loaves narrowly 

 spatulate, strongly revolute, commonly entire but occasionally with 1 or 2 small 

 teeth, and without glands on the pedicels and hypanthium; whereas, in C. stans- 

 buriana, the leaves are pinnately several-cleft or -parted and commonly glandular- 

 punctate and viscid, and stipitate glands are nearly always present on the pedicels 

 and hypanthium. The Darrow and Crooks collection bears some resemblance to 

 C. ericaefolia Torr. of western Texas, but the latter has linear, sharply cuspidate 

 leaves and has stipitate glands on the pedicels or the hypanthium, or both. 



