760 MISC. PUBLICATION 42 3, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Amsinckia echinata, based on material from near Fort Mohave 

 (Cooper in 1860), is a form having the tuberculations and the dorsal keel 

 of the nutlets elevated, narrow, and fragile. Such plants are frequent 

 in Arizona and adjacent California but are connected by many transi- 

 tions to the forms with less prominently roughened nutlets that are 

 typical of A. intermedia. Suksdorf described various forms of A. 

 intermedia as A. nana, A. demissa, A. rigida, A. arizonica, and A. 

 microphylla, all based on types collected in Arizona. 



2. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 

 54. 1875. 



Amsinckia macra Suksd., Werdenda 1: 108. 1931. 



Mohave County to Pima County, creosotebush desert, type of A. 

 macra from Sacaton, Pinal County (Eastwood 8025). Eastern Wash- 

 ington to southern and western Arizona, and California; Chile and 

 Argentina. 



11. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell 27 



Plants perennial or biennial; corolla yellow or orange, the lobes 

 rounded. The conspicuous corollas may be more or less sterile and 

 most of the seed may be developed from inconspicuous cleistogamous 

 flowers produced later in the season. 



A purple dye was obtained by the Indians from the roots of these 

 plants. 



Key to the species 



1. Corolla trumpet-shaped, 2 to 4 cm. long, the lobes erose or fimbriate; late 



flowers cleistogamous, obscure but very fertile 1. L. incisum. 



1. Corolla funnelform, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, the lobes entire; cleistogamous flowers 

 usually not developed (2) . 

 2. Basal leaves persistent at an thesis; root biennial or short-lived perennial, 



usually lacking purple dye 2. L. cobrense. 



2. Basal leaves disappearing long before anthesis; root strongly perennial, the 

 crown usually discolored by abundant purple dye. _ 3. L. multiflorum. 



1. Lithospermum incisum Lehm., Asperif. 2: 303. 1818. 



Lithospermum angustifolium Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 130. 



1803. Not of Forsk., 1775. 

 Lithospermum linearifolium Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 322. 



1822. 



Apache County to Coconino, Yavapai, Cochise, and Santa Cruz 

 Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, grassy flats and slopes in the sagebrush- 

 saltbush, juniper, and pine belts. Canada to Illinois, Texas, and 

 Arizona. 



This plant was used medicinally by the Hopi. 



2. Lithospermum cobrense Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 157. 1881. 

 White Mountains (Apache County) and southern Coconino County 



to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and.Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,700 feet, mostly 

 in the pine belt. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 



27 Reference: Johnston, I. M. studies in the boraginaceae ii. lithospermum. Gray Herbarium 

 Contrib. 70: 18-31. 1924. 



