796 MISC. PUBLICATION 4 2 3, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



and expensive to eradicate. The crushed berries are added to milk 

 by the Pima Indians in making cheese. A protein-digesting enzyme, 

 resembling papain, has been discovered recently in this plant. 



6. Solanum fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2,22: 285. 1856. 



Mountains of Greenlee, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima 

 Counties, 6,000 to 8,500 feet, rich soil in open pine forests, July and 

 August. New Mexico and Arizona. 



7. Solanum jamesii Torr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 227. 1828. 



Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Yavapai 

 Counties, 5,300 to 8,600 feet, mostly in coniferous forests, July and 

 August. Colorado and Utah to Texas and Arizona. 



Wild-potato, a name applied also to S. fendleri. Both species are 

 closely related to the cultivated potato and have similar, although 

 much smaller tubers. The plants sometimes are found growing 

 wild in the gardens of the Indians, who used them as food. The tubers 

 are cooked by the Hopi with a saline clay, and are said to have been 

 used by them also in making yeast. 



8. Solanum xanti A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: 



90. 1876. 



Southern Navajo, southern Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, and eastern 

 Maricopa Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rocky slopes, usually in 

 chaparral, April to August. Arizona, California, and Baja California. 



Purple nightshade. A showy plant when in flower. The copiously 

 glandular form is var. intermedium Parish. S. xanti is very close to 

 S. umbelliferum Esch., the latter being characterized by stellate 

 pubescence. A specimen collected at Fort Apache, Arizona (Palmer 

 607), has some of the hairs forked, but otherwise resembles S. xanti. 



9. Solanum deflexum Greenm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 



32: 301. 1897. 



Salpichroa wrightii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2 1 : 231. 1878. Not 

 Solanum wrightii Benth., 1861. 



Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,500 feet, not 

 infrequent in sandy soil, August and September, type of Salpichroa 

 wrightii collected "on the Sonoita" (Wright 1692). Southern Arizona 

 to Central America. 



The berries are milk white at maturity. 



10. Solanum triflorum Nutt., Gen. PL 1: 128. 1818. 



Apache County to Coconino County, south to Pinal and Yavapai 

 Counties, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, roadsides, stream beds, July to Septem- 

 ber. Canada to Kansas, Arizona, and southern California. 



The Hopi are reported to plant this species in hills with watermelons, 

 believing that the growth of the latter is thus stimulated. 



11. Solanum douglasii Dunal in DC, Prodr. 13 I : 48. 1852. 



Solanum arizonicum Parish, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 3, 

 2: 165. 1901. 



Gila and Yavapai Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and 

 Yuma Counties, also in the Grand Canyon, 1,500 to 6,000 feet, common 

 on rocky slopes and in canyons, mostly in chaparral, March to 

 October, type of S. arizonicum from Hot Springs, southern Yavapai 



