FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 845 



the basal bracts of the spike not more, usually less, than twice as long 

 as the calyx, and var. picta (Morris) Pilger (P. picta Morris, P. xerodea 

 Morris, P. ignota Morris), with the basal bracts 2 to 3 times as long 

 as the calyx. The latter is the more common form in the southern 

 part of the State. 



9. Plantago fastigiata Morris, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 116. 1900. 



Plantago insularis Eastw. var. fastigiata Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. 

 Calif. 956. 1925. 



Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet 

 or lower, abundant, dry plains and mesas, January to May (occasional- 

 ly in autumn) , type from Tucson (Tourney 335a) . Southern Utah and 

 Nevada, Arizona, and southern California. 



10. Plantago wrightiana Decne. in DC, Prodr. 13 1 : 712. 1852. 



Plantago hookeriana Fisch. and Mey. var. nuda (A. Gray) Poe, 

 Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 55: 416. 1928. 



Near Prescott (Yavapai County) , Pinal Mountains (Gila County) , 

 about 5,000 feet, openings in pine woods, May to July. Western 

 Texas to central Arizona, Oregon, and California. 



11. Plantago argyraea Morris, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 111. 1900. 



Plantago purshii var. argyraea Poe, ibid. 55: 414. 1928. 



Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 6,000 to 7,500 feet, 

 mostly in pine forest, June to August, type from Castle Creek, 

 Yavapai County (Tourney 355c). Western New Mexico and Arizona. 



116. RUBIACEAE. Madder family 



Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or shrubby; leaves opposite 

 or appearing verticillate, usually with stipules, simple, entire; flowers 

 mostly perfect, regular or very nearly so, 4- or 5-merous; calyx with 

 the tube completely adnate to the ovary and the limb reduced to 

 teeth or lobes, or obsolete; fruit a capsule, or achenelike, or separating 

 at maturity into 2 to 4 usually indehiscent carpels. 



A very large, mainly tropical family. Its best-known members are 

 the coffeetree (Cojfea arabica), the trees from whose bark quinine is 

 obtained (Cinchona spp.), and the formerly important dye plant, 

 madder (Rubia tinctoria). The Arizona representatives are of almost 

 no economic importance. 



Key to the genera 



1. Ovules and seeds several in each carpel; fruits capsular, 2-celled; flowers 

 4-merous (2) . 

 2. Plant large, suff ruticose ; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate; corolla tubular, 



scarlet _ J 3. Bouvardia. 



2. Plants small, herbaceous or barely suffrutescent; leaf blades linear, narrowly 

 lanceolate, or spatulate; corolla salverform, pink or white (3). 

 3. Capsule wholly adnate to the calyx tube; seeds angled- _ 1. Oldenlandia. 

 3. Capsule mostly free from the calyx; seeds saucer-shaped _ 2. Houstonia. 

 1. Ovule solitary in each carpel (4). 



4. Plant a shrub; flowers in dense globose heads 4. Cephalanthus. 



4. Plants herbaceous or (in a few species of Galium) suffrutescent or suff ruti- 

 cose; flowers not in globose heads (5). 

 5. Stipules similar to and nearly as large as the blades, the leaves thus ap- 

 pearing to be in whorls of 4 or more; corolla rotate 9. Galium. 



5. Stipules unlike the blades and much smaller; leaves opposite, the floral 

 ones sometimes appearing whorled; corolla salverform or funnelform 

 (6). 



