FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 915 



with white, rosy, or violet rays and a yellow disk ; involucre graduated, 

 the phyllaries mostly lanceolate, with a narrow-colored scarious 

 margin; achenes of the disk compressed, usually thick-margined, 

 pubescent with 2-forked or glochidiate hairs; pappus of several or many 

 long awns or paleae, or sometimes of few awns and several squamellae, 

 often reduced in the ray achenes. 



Key to the species 



1. Plants tall, usually 25 cm. high or more, simple-stemmed; pappus in both the 

 ray and the disk flowers of a few squamellae not Jonger than the proper 



tube of the corolla 1. T. Formosa. 



1. Plants usually dwarf, or, if nearly 25 cm. high, then much branched; pappus, 

 at least in the disk flowers, much longer than the proper tube of the corolla 

 (2). 

 2. Plant a pulvinate-cespitose perennial, strictly acaulescent; heads compara- 

 tively large, strictly sessile among the leaves or very rarely on a bracted 

 peduncle up to 2 cm. long, usually much surpassed by the leaves; in- 

 volucre (1) 1.5 to 2 cm. high 2. T. exscapa. 



2. Plants with evident leafy stems when fully developed, but the stems some- 

 times very short; heads smaller, usually pedunculate, normally exceeding 

 the leaves; involucre rarely more than 1 cm. high (3). 

 3. Plant diffusely much branched from a slender, apparently annual or at 

 most biennial root; pappus of the ray flowers of short scales, very 



much shorter than that of the disk 3. T. strigosa. 



3. Plants pulvinate-cespitose, from a much-branched perennial caudex; 

 pappus of the ray flowers of awns, similar to that of the disk, but some- 

 times only one-third as long (4). 

 4. Pappus of the ray flowers nearly or quite as long as that of the disk; 

 leaves relatively broad, obovate-spatulate; stems cinereous-pubes- 

 cent 4. T. ARIZONICA. 



4. Pappus of the ray flowers one-third to two-thirds as long as that of the 

 disk; leaves narrowly spatulate; stems very densely white-pubescent. 



5. T. INCANA. 



1. Townsendia formosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 213. 1906. 



White Mountains (Apache and northern Greenlee Counties), 7,500 

 to 9,500 feet, grassy slopes and meadows, June to September. South- 

 western New Mexico and eastern Arizona. 



2. Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter, Torrey Bot. Club Mem- 



Si 321. 1894. 



Aster (1) exscapus Richards., Bot. App. Frankl. Journey 748. 



1823. 

 Townsendia wilcoxiana Wood, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 6: 163. 



1877. 

 Townsendia intermedia Rydb. in Britton, Manual 944. 1901. 



Grand Canyon, Flagstaff, and Williams (Coconino County), Fort 

 Apache (southern Navajo County), near Prescott (Yavapai County), 

 near Pine, and in the Sierra Ancha (Gila County), Sonoita to Pata- 

 gonia (Santa Cruz County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, open slopes and 

 mesas, April to August. Alberta and Saskatchewan to Texas, 

 Arizona, and Chihuahua. 



3. Townsendia strigosa Xutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans, ser. 2, 7: 306. 



1840. 



Townsendia jendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. 

 ser. 2, 4:70. 1849. 

 Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, ami Graham Counties, 4.000 

 to 5,200 feet, dry mesas and slopes, March to September. Wyoming 

 to New Mexico and central Arizona. 



