FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 955 



8. Viguiera annua (M. E. Jones) Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 

 54: 112. 1918. 



Gymnolomia multiflora var. annua M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. 



Sci..Proc. ser. 2, 5: 698. 1895. 

 Gymnolomia annua Robins, and Greenm., Boston Soc. Nat. 



Hist. Proc. 29: 93. 1899. 



Apache County to eastern Mohave County, south to Cochise, 

 Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,600 feet, hills, plains, and 

 river bottoms. May to October. Western Texas to Arizona and 

 northern Mexico. 



Colors the landscape with brilliant yellow for many miles in northern 

 Yavapai County. It is reported to make good forage for sheep. 



62. HELIANTHUS. 78 Sunflower 



Annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, usually 

 toothed; heads medium-sized to large, usually solitary or few, radiate, 

 the rays yellow, the disk yellow, brown, or purple brown; involucre 

 more or less herbaceous; achenes oblong, thickened; pappus of 2, 

 rarely many, caducous paleaceous awns. 



H. annuus, the State flower of Kansas, is a common and very con- 

 spicuous roadside weed in Arizona. In the plains States it is used 

 for ensilage. The seeds of this and other species are eaten by the 

 southwestern Indians. Cultivated varieties with very large heads 

 (Russian sunflower) are grown for the seeds, which are fed to poultry 

 and other birds. In Russia they are roasted and are a popular deli- 

 cacy, taking the place of peanuts with us. They yield oil of sunflower, 

 which is used as a hairdressing and sometimes as salad oil. The resi- 

 due after pressing is of value as a concentrated cattle food. The 

 Hopi Indians extract from the seeds of this, and perhaps other species 

 of HelianthuSj purple and black dyes for baskets and textiles, and for 

 painting the body in certain of their ceremonies. The white tubers 

 of the Jerusalem-artichoke (H. tuberosus L.) are used for human food 

 and as feed for swine. They are rich in sugars, particularly levulose. 



Key to the species 



1. Plant strongly glaucous, low, usually less than 0.5 m. high, perennial; phyl- 

 laries ovate to oblong, obtuse to acute, closely imbricated, shorter than the 



disk, white-ciliate, glabrous on the back 1. H. ciliaris. 



1. Plants slightly or not at all glaucous, usually taller; phyllaries usually acumi- 

 nate, more or less pubescent on the back (2) . 

 2. Disk (i. e. the tips of the disk corollas) yellow; plant perennial; leaves 

 elongate-lanceolate, green, not conspicuously hispid; involucre not 



conspicuously hispid 2. H. xutiali.ii. 



2. Disk (i. e. the tips of the disk corollas) brown or purple brown; plants annual ; 

 leaves usually ovate or lance-ovate (3). 

 3. Phyllaries narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, only 1 to 2 mm. wide, 

 light green, usually much surpassing the disk, conspicuously hispid, 

 in about 2 series; pappus of numerous unequal paleae; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate to lance-ovate, hispid with strongly tuberculate-based 



hairs 3. 11. anomaltjs. 



3. Phyllaries broader, or else blackish green; pappus normally of 2 awns; 

 leaves otherwise (4) . 



7 - Reference: Watson, E. E. contributions to a monograph of the gknus HELIANTHUS. Mich. 

 Acad. Sci. Papers 9: 305-475. 1929. 



