FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 999 



Key to the sj>< >i> s 



1. Lower leaves obovate or spatulate, toothed or incised, on slender petioles longer 

 than the blades: stem leaves linear to oblanceolate, sessile, incised-serrate 

 to pinnatifid; phyllaries with a narrow dark brown submarginal area; rays 

 clear white, normally more than 1 cm. long 1. C. leucaxthemum. 



1. Leaves all essentially similar, mostly broadly obovate, 2- or 3-pinnatifid, with 

 a winged pinnatifid or toothed petiolar base; phyllaries with broad pale 

 scarious margin; rays pale yellow, less than 1 cm. long. 



2. C. COROXARIUM. 



1. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Sp. PL 888. 1753. 

 Mogollon Escarpment, Gila County (Collom 174), Pinal Mountains* 



Gila County (Peebles 14091), fields and roadsides, rare in Arizona, 

 midsummer. Extensively naturalized in the United States; intro- 

 duced from Europe. 



The common oxeye-daisy, represented in Arizona by var. pinnati- 

 Jidum Lecoq and Lam. 



2. Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Sp. PI. 890. 1753. 



Xear Chandler, Maricopa County {Harrison 1787), Tucson, Pima 

 County {Tourney 710), roadsides and waste ground, spring. Occa- 

 sional in the United States; introduced from Europe. 



Crowndaisy, sometimes cultivated under the name summer chrys- 

 anthemum. 



110. ARTEMISIA. 8 Wormwood, sagebrush 



Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire to once, twice, or thrice 

 pinnatifid; heads small, discoid or disciform, usually very numerous, 

 spicate, racemose, or panicled; pistillate outer flowers, without rays, 

 sometimes present; achenes short, thick, glabrous or merely glandular, 

 or in 1 species pubescent; pappus none. 



The best known species is A. tridentata, the big sagebrush, State 

 flower of Nevada, which covers vast areas in the Great Basin region 

 and adjacent territory. The strong aromatic odor of the plant is 

 unmistakable and persistent. A heavy growth of this plant indicates 

 a good depth of fertile soil, free from " alkali." Many of the species, 

 notably estafiata (A. frigida), A. tridentata, A. jilt folia, A. bigelovii, 

 and bud-sage (A. spinescens), are valuable browse plants, especially 

 in winter and early spring, but some of them are reported to be toxic 

 to domestic animals if eaten in excess. Several species are useful 

 for controlling soil erosion. Some of these plants (A. filifolia, A. 

 frirjida, A. tridentata) were used medicinally by the Indians and the 

 early white settlers. The drug santonin, a remedy for roundworm, 

 is obtained from A. mexica/na. A vermifuge is also manufactured 

 from the European A. absinthium L. The Hopi Indians roasted 

 leaves of A.frigida with sweet corn, to flavor it. The silvery foliage 

 and feathery panicles of some of the sagebrushes, together with their 

 pleasant odor, make them worthy of consideration for cultivation as 

 ornamentals. They are attractive in mixed bouquets. 



6 Reference: Hall, H. M., and Clements, F. E. the phylogenetic method in taxonomy, the 



NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA, CHBTSOTHAHNUS, AND ATRIPLEX. Carnegie IllSt. 



Wash. Pub. 326: 31-lofi. 1923. 



