WHITE PINES OF EUROPE 



103 



H€IGHT 



m»fKJ 



Qm.Q ' *W 



IS 20 25 



30 



35 40 ACE yars 



Figure 2. Juvenile growth of European white pines: 



rl...r5 = Pinus peuce after growth curves (Nedjalkov, 1963, 

 Bulgaria) ; 



_rj = single-tree data (after MacDonald et at. , 1957, England) 



zy = after Mtiller (1928, Bulgaria, natural); 



p^ = after Mayer (1965, Austria, planted); 



a = Pinus eembra, with elevation of growing place (200 m, 

 Holzer,1969; 2000 m and 2200 m, Oswald, 1963); 



Sq = after Gregori (188", natural); 



s = Pinus szbirioa (grown in the nursery of Vienna, 200 m, 

 Holzer,1969); 



a = Picea abies for comparison at 200 m (unpublished data, 

 Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt , Vienna), 2000 m (Oswald, 1963) 



a^ = data after growth curves (Frauendorfer , 1954) ; 



m-Q = single value for Pinus monticola in England (MacDonald 

 et al. , 1957) . 



At about this age (10 to 15 years) , P. oerbra and P. peuoe plants 

 begin to make regular growth every year, with terminal shoots reaching i 

 length of 10 to 20 cm (Oswald, 1963'; Gregori, 1887; Mtlller, 1928: 

 Nedjalkov, 1963). Growth differences that appear at this age may be 

 associated with inherent parental growth capacity, with altitudinal 

 provenance, or with site. Presently we don't know much about this; but 

 we may theorize that differences are partly inherent because the growth 

 of graftings from adult plants is similar to the growth of seedlings 

 from the same parents (Holzer, 1969). 



In the natural range seeds are distributed by jays and squirrels 

 (Oswald, 1956). As the stand ages very often we may find individuals of 



