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S. K. HYUN 



Figure 3. Out looking view of the Pinus koraiensis -Abies 

 holophylla forest type (Elev. 600 m, Mt. Sorak, 38°N lat.) 



SITE REQUIRENENTS 



The climate over the range of Korean pine is cool and humid. The 

 mean annual temperature over the range in Korea is between 1.3°C and 

 7.5°C. The mean maximum temperature in August ranges between 23°C and 

 28°C and the mean minimum temperature in January ranges between -10°C 

 and -25°C. The extreme low temperature during the winter over the range 

 in Korea falls between -20°C and -35°C. 



The annual precipitation over the range in Korea varies from about 

 700 mm in northern Korea to about 1,400 mm in southern Korea. Over 50% 

 of the annual precipitation pours during the summer, 20% in the autumn, 

 and around 6% in the winter (Fig. 4) . Throughout the range in Korea, the 

 precipitation is about 1 to 1.5 times the evaporation, and the mean 

 annual relative humidity ranges from 70 to 75%. 



While the low temperature limit of the natural range indicates the 

 low temperature limit for artificial planting, the high temperature limit 

 of the natural range does not indicate at all the high temperature limit 

 for planting. Actually, plantations of P. koraiensis are successful in 

 many areas in south Korea where the winters are much milder than in its 

 natural range. 



Soils within the range of Korean pine are derived from basalt, 

 granites, gneisses, schists, and limestones, and less commonly from slates 

 and shales. The soil profiles show various degree of podsolization 

 according to the climatic condition at the site ranging from a weak 

 podsolized brown forest soil in south Korea to a fairly podsolized acid 

 brown forest soil in northern Korea. Korean pine grows on a wide range 

 of soil texture from a light volcanic ash to a heavy clayey soil, but it 

 prefers well drained sandy loams. 



