WHITE PINES ASIA: ARMAND AND KOREAN PINE 



141 



Figure 19. Natural range of Pinus armandii (reproduced from 

 Critchfield and Little, 1966). 



latitude. In Formosa it appears at a high altitude, between 2,300 m and 

 2,800 m above sea level, in the central mountain ranges between 23°N to 

 24°30'N latitude. It appears at a high elevation in Hainan, around 

 18°30'N latitude. 



On the mainland of China, it is a component of the mountain 

 coniferous forest of the southwestern plateau occurring mixed with spruce, 

 fir, and hemlock. On Formosa (Fig. 20) it appears occasionally as 

 scattered stands in the grassland but commonly it appears in a mixed forest 

 with Taiwan spruce, Chinese hemlock, and Taiwan red pine. The primary 

 components of the forest besides Armand pine are Picea mo wis oni col a 

 Hayata,Tsuga ohinensis (Franch.) Pritzel, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, 

 Cyclobalanopsis movii (Hayata) Schottky § Kudo, Chamaecyparis obtusa var. 

 formosana (Hayata) Rehder, Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsumura, and 

 Junipevus formosana Hayata. Taiwania cvyptomevioid.es Hayata, Cyclobalanopsis 

 stenophylloides Masamune, Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl., Lithocavpus 

 amygdalifolius (Skan) Hayata, Mains formosana Kawakami & Koidzumi , 

 Trochodendron avalioides Sieb. § Zucc. , Ulmus uyematsui Hayata are the 

 minor species. 



One variety, P. armandii var. amamiana (Koidz,) Hatushima, was found 

 on Yakushima (300 to 500 m above sea level) and Tanegashima (150 m above 

 sea level) , the southmost islands of Japan, around 30°N latitude 

 (Hatushima, 1938). It is distinguished from P. armandii by short, stiff 

 leaves and ovoid cones. The fertility of seed is very low in this habitat. 

 This variety appears at a lower elevation in the Japanese islands than 

 does the main species in China and Formosa. 



