142 



S. K. HYUN 





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Figure 20. A) Out looking view and B) inner view of a Pinus 

 armandii forest, Mt. Alishan, Taiwan (photo by Mr. J.-C. Liao) . 



No natural hybrids are known to exist but P. armandii has been 

 successfully crossed with P. lambertiana (Duffield and Righter, 1953) 



SITE REQUIREMENTS 



Pinus armandii requires much milder climate than P. koraiensis. 

 The habitat in the mainland of China has quite a mild winter and averages 

 over 200 days of frost-free growing season. Annual precipitation ranges 

 from 500 mm in the northwest (Kansu) to 1,100 mm in the south (Yunnan) 

 with a peak rainy period in June and July (Fig. 21). It appears that 

 the major part of the natural range belongs to a semi-arid climate type. 

 Temperature data for the Chinese mainland and Formosa habitats are given 

 in Fig. 22. 



The soils over the natural range of Pinus armandii on the Chinese 

 mainland are derived from limestone in many cases, but some are derived 

 from shale, slate, and sandstone (Szechwan and Yunnan). Neutral to 

 alkaline soils are commonly found in arable flat lands, although in high 

 elevations in Kansu and Shensi, degraded Chestnut-soils and Chernozems 

 are developed. In Szechwan a brown forest soil type is developed on the 

 shale, slate, or sandsone. Elsewhere, with more rain, podsolization has 

 progressed to form red and yellow podzolic soils and some Rendzina type 

 soils (Mima and Kato, 1938). 



