KHITE PINES IN* NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA: ?_.V:'5 SFF.ZBFS 

 AND INTRODUCED .ASIAN AND EUROPEAN SPECIES 



Howard B. Kriebel 

 Department of Forestry 3 Ohio Agricultural Research & 

 Development Center, Wooster 3 Ohio } U.S.A. 



ABSTRACT 



Adaptability, growth, insect resistance, and other character- 

 istics of P. strobus (including var. chiapensis) and of 

 European and Asiatic white pines in North America are discussed. 

 Discussion of P. strobus includes its growth potential in both 

 native stands and plantations . 



Exotics described include P. griffithii (syn. P. w alii chi and) , 

 F. koraiensis , F. veuce, P. armandii } P. eembra 3 P. sibirica, 

 F. zarviflora (including var. pentaphylld) , and P. pumila. 



Some of these species will be particularly useful as breeding 

 material for the development of superior species hybrids . One 

 species with good form and pest resistance which may have direct 

 use after selection is P. koraiensis. F. armandii is very resis- 

 tant to pests but introductions to date have not been very winter- 

 hardy. Two particularly promising species are P. griffithii , 

 desirable for its vigor, and P. pence 3 a tree which seems to 

 have great variation in resistance to white pine weevil injury. 

 Both species are easily crossable with P. strobus and P. 

 monticola , the two most important North American species . 



Many of the hybrids have been more vigorous than either parent 

 species in several test localities. Prospects appear good for 

 future use of new hybrids with desirable combinations of vigor, 

 form, and pest resistance. 



EASTERN WHITE PINE 



Finus szroiy^ L. is commonly known as eastern white pine and is the 

 only white pine native to eastern North America. It is found in southern 

 Canada from southeastern Manitoba to Newfoundland, in the Lake States, in 

 scattered localities in the Midwest from Iowa to Ohio, in the northeastern 

 United States, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to northern 

 Georgia '(Critchfield and Little, 1966). 



Eastern white pine occurs naturally on a variety of soils, including 

 coarse-textured tills, sandy soils, loams and silts. The species seems 

 to require at least 20 percent of full sunlight for seedling survival 

 under conditions of natural regeneration (Fig. 1). Early height growth 



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