490 



E. P. VAN ARSDEL 



_fcd L 



mi 



Figure 9. Diagram of an air circulation explaining the rust 

 distribution in Fig. 8. 



of the field) , then up through the hardwoods and back to the center of 

 the field where a downdraft occurred (Fig. 9) . In two similar openings 

 in northeastern Wisconsin, I have observed smoke flows in this pattern 

 on four occasions at dawn (Van Arsdel , 1967) . 



LITERATURE CITED 



Charlton, J. W. 1963. Relating climate to eastern white pine blister 



rust infection hazard. U.S. Dep . Agr. Forest Serv. Eastern Region 



(no series), Upper Darby, Pa. 38 p. 

 Geiger, R. 1950. The climate near the ground. Harvard Univ. Press, 



Cambridge. 482 p. 

 Green, V. E., Jr. 1958. Observations on fungus diseases of rice in 



Florida, 1951-1957. Plant Dis. Rep. 42: 624-628. 

 Green, V. E., Jr., and E . P. Van Arsdel. 1956. State Project 680, 



p. 224-225. In Florida Agr. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. 1956. 

 Rogers, M. N. 1957. A small electrical hygrometer for microclimatic 



measurements. Phytopathology 47: 29. (Abstr.) 

 Van Arsdel, E. P. 1958. Smoke movement clarifies spread of blister rust 



from Ribes to distant white pine. Amer. Meteorol . Soc. Bull. 39: 



442-443. 



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 11 p. 

 1963. Diseases of northern conifers, p. 30-32. In 



Lake States Forest Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. 1963. 

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information for 1964. U.S. Dep. Agr. Forest Serv., Lake States Exp. 



Sta. Res. Note LS-42. 4 p. 

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Phytopathology 55: 945-950. 

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blister rust spread on Lake States white pines. U.S. Dep. Agr. Forest 



Serv., Lake States Forest Exp. Sta. Res. Note LS-60. 4 p. 

 Van Arsdel, E. P. 1967. The nocturnal diffusion and transport of spores. 



Phytopathology 57: 1221-1229. 

 Van Arsdel, E. P. 1968. Effectiveness of blister rust control through 



ribes plant eradication, p. 207. In Abstracts of Papers, First 



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Van Arsdel, E. P. 



blister rust. 



Sta. Paper 92. 

 Van Arsdel. E. P. 



