590 ERNST J. SCHREINER 



resistant individuals in the Northeast, and the U. S. Forest Service 

 Southeastern Forest Experiment Station has some very resistant types. If 

 you consider the possibilities of selfing through the diploidization of 

 haploids in order to shorten the inbreeding and back-crossing cycles, it 

 may not take too many years; early flowering, if we can use it, may help. 

 We need only about 50 or 60 individuals for multiclonal varieties. I 

 think we can incorporate air pollution resistance. Our air pollution in 

 the Northeast is not critical with respect to forest production. We would 

 not, at present, need such resistance if we had weevil resistance, which 

 is essential. 



WEISSENBERGER: Dr. Schreiner, you mentioned the use of diploidization 

 of haploids. Do you think that would substitute for inbred lines, or 

 would you like to use it for specific combining ability? 



SCHREINER: I am assuming we could use it for inbred lines in one 

 step. I have discussed this with Dr. Gustaffson (Swedish Royal College 

 of Forestry); he also believes that this is a possibility. I think Chase, 

 in his work with corn, was the first to use this procedure. 



BORLAUG: This has, I think, very interesting possibilities. It is 

 something that should be looked at. Not only looked at, somebody needs 

 to sweat at it . 



DUFFIELD: I'm not sure which way this question is aimed, but I 

 would like to suggest that the poplars would seem to be suited to the 

 approach that Ernie is advocating. And, I have a question- -why are 

 northern Italy and Yugoslavia still planting larger stands of 1-214. 

 There must be some practical reason for doing it. 



SCHREINER: I suspect you want me to say that there is a poplar 

 clone, 1-214, that really has a very broad built-in buffering system. 

 This is probably true, but we must remember the stands are cut at 12 to 

 14 years; the rotation is usually less than 15 years. I have seen very 

 few older plantations. But, Jack, I think that time is beginning to run 

 out, even on this excellent clone. Marssonina may be increasing on this 

 clone. I suspect that the rapid, recent increase of Marssonina on 

 poplar clones in Europe is due, at least in part, to the extensive 

 monoclonal cultures. 



BORLAUG: I'd like to make one comment. I think that one of the 

 "other additional chores or jobs" that a scientist has to do is to promote 

 research. Ernie Schreiner has had I don't know how many years at tree 

 breeding and he's still the apostle. He can promote, and we hope that he 

 will continue to do this for forest genetics and forest tree breeding, 

 because without this, there can be no increase in the funds that are so 

 badly needed in order to keep these long-range programs going. This kind 

 of spirit and this kind of attitude, I hope, will inspire young people to 

 follow the lead that he has given us during these past 30 years. His 

 enthusiasm has provoked people to do their best. 



SCHREINER: Forty-four years. 



BORLAUG: Forty-four? I didn't know quite how long it was, but I 

 remember back in 1935 when I worked out at the Hopkins Experimental Forest 

 in Williamstown, Massachusetts, shortly before Ernie moved in, that he had 

 been at it for quite a while then. 



