THE SCALE INSECT GENUS ASTEROLECANIUM 



adult females of the bamboo-infesting species of the genus. 5 In all 

 other respects, however, these bamboo-inhabiting species show inti- 

 mate relationships with the other members of the genus, and it is 

 the present opinion that their segregation in a formally designated 

 subgroup would give an unbalanced picture of the species classifica- 

 tion within the genus. 



GENERIC DESCRIPTION 



Adult female. — Enclosed in a rather glassy test; body saclike, without seg- 

 mentation; posterior margin of body not deeply cleft or strongly lobed ; derm 

 mostly or entirely membranous; 8-shaped pores in a marginal row; minute 

 8-shaped pores present ventrally ; loculate pores associated with spiracles ; tubu- 

 lar ducts present dorsally ; antenna a flat disk or short unsegmented stub, 

 usually with 2 minute setae and with several larger setae; beak 1-segmented; 

 thoracic spiracles present; genital opening transverse; setae usually in a 

 submarginal row ventrally and in pairs or groups near genital opening; apex 

 of abdomen with at least 1 pair of setae; anal opening present. 



Second stage (same for both sexes). — Without tubular ducts, dorsal tubes, 

 genital opening, or multilocular pores; exhibiting other structures found in 

 adult females. 



Larva (same for both sexes). — Body longer than wide; derm mostly mem- 

 branous ; minute 8-shaped pores in a submarginal row ventrally ; 2 eyespots 

 on anterior margin : antenna slightly sclerotized, either 5- or 6-segmented ; 

 rirst segment with setae, second with 2 long and 1 minute seta, third without 

 setae but with a narrow, membranous, encircling band; sixth usually with 

 long setae with expanded tips, stout setae, fairly stout setae, slender setae, 

 and 2 minute setae ; beak 1-segmented ; leg slightly sclerotized, 5-segmented, 

 slender; anterior coxa with a minute seta on outer surface near point of attach- 

 ment of leg and 1 halfway between inner and outer margins on inner and 

 outer surfaces, latter seta lacking on middle and posterior coxae, all coxae 

 also with long setae ; trochanter with 2 minute setae and 4 pores ; tibia without 

 setae, shorter than tarsus; tarsus with 1 minute seta on outer margin near 

 base and usually with 2 on inner margin near claw, also with longer setae 

 near center, and with 2 digitules with expanded tips exceeding apex of claw; 

 claw elongate, slender, slightly curved, with 2 digitules with expanded tips 

 exceeding apex of claw ; thoracic spiracles present ; setae usually present on 

 anterior margin of body, between antennae and mouth parts, and in a sub- 

 marginal row ventrally; apex of abdomen with at least 1 pair of setae, anal 

 opening usually apparent. 



Adult male. — Before emergence covered by test formed by third-stage male: 

 elongate; head membranous except for sclerotized lines, widest at posterior 

 third, vertex somewhat rounded: antennae on anterior margin, fairly close 

 together at bases, either 9- or 10-segmented ; first and second segments short. 

 others longer, all segments with fairly long setae, second also with 1 minute 

 seta, and terminal segment with 2-1 very long setae and 2 minute' setae; 2 eye- 

 spots on dorsal margin and 2 in ventral submedian area: setae anterior to 

 and between eyespots ventrally: a sclerotized linear bar on median line ven- 

 trally. extending to anterior margin, and forked at anterior end: 2 sclerotized 

 bars dorsally near base of head, their inner ends nearly contiguous, usually 

 with other curved sclerotized lines apparently forming framework of head; 

 thorax membranous except for attachment plate of legs, wings (when present), 

 and internal framework: a sclerotized bar between wing bases: wings usually 

 present, with vestiges of 1 or 2 longitudinal and 1 diagonal vein, cover.nl with 

 minute setae: legs elongate, slender, apparently with minute setae and pores 

 as in the larva and with many larger setae: tibia nearly same length as 

 tarsus; 2 tarsal digitules; claw slender, curved, with 2 digitules exceeding 

 apex of claw: abdomen mostly membranous, partially reticulate: with sub- 

 marginal dorsal setae and submedian ventral setae: posterior lateral margin 

 of apical segment with at least 1 pair of setae: penis sheath rather elongate, 

 broadest at base, tailoring to an acute tip. curved downward, sclerotized, a 

 Longitudinal opening in ventral surface: penis sclerotized, elongate, flat, slender. 



B Comparable dorsal tubes are also present in adult females of undescribed bamboo- 

 infesting species of Polea; they have not been found by the writer in pseudococcine, 

 eriococcine, lecaniine. or diaspine genera. 



